Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 1

TERM – 2^ND TERM

WEEK FOUR

Class: Junior Secondary School 1

Age: 12 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC SCIENCE

Topic: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Define STIs
2. Describe the transmission of STIs
3. Signs and Symptoms of STIs
4. Identify the effects and prevention of STI
5. Identify the behaviors that put peope at risk
6. Identify ways of finding help for people with STIs

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)

Definition of STIs

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can affect anyone who is sexually active.

Transmission of STIs

STIs are typically transmitted through sexual activity, including unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Transmission can occur through the exchange of bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva. Some STIs can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with infected areas. Additionally, STIs can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Signs and Symptoms of STIs

The signs and symptoms of STIs can vary depending on the type of infection and the individual's immune response. However, common symptoms may include:

1. Genital sores or ulcers: These may appear as painful blisters, bumps, or sores on or around the genitals, anus, or mouth.
2. Pain or discomfort: This could include pain during urination, pain during sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain.
3. Unusual discharge: Abnormal discharge from the penis, vagina, or anus, which may be discolored, foul-smelling, or accompanied by itching or burning.
4. Itching or irritation: Persistent itching, burning, or irritation in the genital area.
5. Rash or redness: Redness, rash, or irritation on the genitals or surrounding skin.
6. Flu-like symptoms: Some STIs can cause symptoms similar to the flu, such as fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and body aches.

Effects of STIs

The effects of STIs can range from mild discomfort to severe health complications. If left untreated, STIs can lead to:

1. Chronic pain: Some STIs, such as genital herpes and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can cause chronic pain in the genital area or abdomen.
2. Infertility: STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause scarring and damage to the reproductive organs, leading to infertility or difficulty getting pregnant.
3. Pregnancy complications: Untreated STIs can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, including premature birth, low birth weight, and transmission of the infection to the baby.
4. Increased risk of HIV: Having certain STIs can increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
5. Cancer: Certain STIs, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), can increase the risk of developing cervical, anal, or oral cancer.

Prevention of STIs

To prevent the transmission of STIs, individuals can take several measures, including:

1. Practicing safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly during vaginal, anal, or oral sex can reduce the risk of STI transmission.
2. Avoid sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment to prevent the transmission of bloodborne STIs like HIV and hepatitis B and C.
3. When receiving tattoos, piercings, or medical procedures, ensure that sterile equipment is used to prevent the transmission of bloodborne infections.
4. Getting tested for STIs regularly, especially if sexually active or engaging in high-risk behaviors, can lead to early detection and treatment.
5. Open and honest communication with sexual partners about STI status, testing, and prevention methods can help reduce the risk of transmission.

Behaviors that put People at Risk

Several behaviors can increase the risk of contracting STIs:

1. Unprotected sex: Engaging in sexual activity without using condoms or other barrier methods increases the risk of STI transmission.
2. Multiple sexual partners: Having multiple sexual partners or having sex with someone who has multiple partners increases the likelihood of exposure to STIs.
3. Unprotected oral sex: Although the risk is generally lower than with vaginal or anal sex, unprotected oral sex can still lead to the transmission of STIs such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes.
4. Substance abuse: Substance use, particularly alcohol and drugs, can impair judgment and lead to risky sexual behaviors, increasing the risk of STI transmission.
5. Injecting drug use: Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug paraphernalia can expose individuals to bloodborne STIs like HIV and hepatitis B and C.

Finding Help

If you suspect you have been exposed to an STI or are experiencing symptoms, it's important to seek help from healthcare professionals. You can find help by:

1. Visiting a healthcare provider: Schedule an appointment with a doctor or visit a sexual health clinic for STI testing, diagnosis, and treatment.
2. Confidential hotlines: Many countries have confidential hotlines or helplines where you can receive information, support, and referrals for STI testing and treatment.
3. Online resources: There are numerous online resources available, including websites and forums, where you can find information about STIs, testing locations, and support groups.
4. Community organizations: Nonprofit organizations and community health centers often offer STI testing, counseling, and support services.

EVALUATION: 1. What is the full meaning of STIs

2. Mention 5 modes of transmission of STIs
3. Identify 5 behaviors that put people at risk of contracting STIs
4. Mention 5 ways of preventing STIs

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively