Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 1

TERM – 1^ST TERM

WEEK NINE

Class: Junior Secondary School 1

Age: 12 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

Topic: PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (CERAMICS AND GLASS)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Identify ceramics and glass through their characteristics
2. Identify the types ceramics and glass
3. Identify the properties of Ceramics and Glasses                        
4. Identify the uses of ceramics and glass

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures, ceramic material, rubber materials.
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (CERAMICS AND GLASS)

Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials that are typically produced by heating natural clay or other minerals to high temperatures.

Glass is a transparent or translucent material produced by melting silica, soda ash, and limestone, and then rapidly cooling it.

Identification of ceramics

Identifying ceramics often involves examining their physical and chemical characteristics:

1. Appearance: Ceramics may have a porous surface and are often opaque.
2. Hardness: Ceramics are typically hard and resistant to scratches.
3. Sound: Tap the item gently – ceramics produce a sharp, ringing sound.
4. Weight: Ceramics are generally heavier than glass.

Types of Ceramics

1. Traditional Ceramics: Includes pottery, porcelain, and earthenware.
2. Structural Ceramics: Used in construction and engineering, like bricks and tiles.
3. Whitewares: Includes tableware like dishes, plates, and cups.

Properties of Ceramics

1. Hardness: Ceramics are generally hard and resistant to wear and abrasion.
2. Brittleness: They tend to be brittle, with low flexibility and impact resistance.
3. Heat Resistance: Many ceramics can withstand high temperatures, making them suitable for various applications.
4. Chemical Resistance: Ceramics are often chemically inert and resistant to corrosion.
5. Electrical Insulation: They are good insulators of electricity.

Uses of Ceramics

1. Pottery: Traditional ceramics are used for creating pottery, dishes, and decorative items.
2. Construction: Structural ceramics, like bricks and tiles, are used in building materials.
3. Automotive: Ceramics find applications in engine components and brake systems

Identification of glass

Identifying glass often involves examining their physical and chemical characteristics

1. Transparency: Glass is transparent or translucent, allowing light to pass through.
2. Smoothness: Glass surfaces are usually smoother than ceramics.
3. Sound: When tapped, glass produces a clear, bell-like sound.
4. Weight: Glass is typically lighter than ceramics.

Types of Glass

1. Soda-Lime Glass: Common, used in bottles, windows, and everyday glassware.
2. Borosilicate Glass: Resistant to thermal expansion, used in laboratory glassware.
3. Lead Glass: Contains lead oxide, used for fine glassware and optical lenses.
4. Tempered Glass: Treated for increased strength and safety, often used in car windows..

Properties of Glass

1. Transparency: Glass is transparent or translucent, allowing light to pass through.
2. Brittleness: Like ceramics, glass is brittle and can break easily.
3. Smooth Surface: Glass has a smooth surface and can be molded into various shapes.
4. Thermal Insulation: It has moderate thermal insulation properties.
5. Electric Insulation: Glass is an excellent electrical insulator.

Uses of Glass

1. Containers: Glass is widely used for containers such as bottles and jars.
2. Windows: Windows for buildings and vehicles are often made of glass.
3. Optics: Optical lenses, eyeglasses, and camera lenses are made from glass.
4. Art and Decoration: Stained glass and decorative glass art are popular applications.

EVALUATION: 1. Differentiate between ceramics and glass

2. Mention 5 properties of ceramics and 5 properties of glass
3. Identify 4 uses of ceramics and 4 uses of glass.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively