Home Economics - Junior Secondary 1 - The human body III

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 5

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 1

AGE: 12 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: The human body III

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1.) Discuss the structure and parts of the ear and nose

2.) State the functions of the ear and nose

3.) Outline the care and grooming of the ear and nose

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 1

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

THE HUMAN BODY

Structure and Parts of the Ear and Nose:

Structure of the Ear:

The ear is responsible for hearing and balance and is divided into three main parts:

• Outer Ear:
• Pinna (Auricle): The visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal.
• Ear Canal (External Auditory Canal): The passage that leads sound waves to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).
• Middle Ear:
• Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane): A thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it, transferring the vibrations to the bones of the middle ear.
• Ossicles: Three small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) that amplify the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
• Inner Ear:
• Cochlea: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled organ responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that the brain can interpret.
• Semicircular Canals: Structures responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position.
• Auditory Nerve: Transmits electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain for sound interpretation.

Structure of the Nose:

The nose is involved in both smelling and breathing, and its structure includes:

• External Nose: The visible part that consists of the nostrils (nares), septum (cartilage that divides the nostrils), and nasal passages.
• Nasal Cavity: The internal space that is lined with mucus and tiny hairs (cilia) that filter and warm the air.
• Sinuses: Air-filled spaces in the bones around the nose that help reduce the weight of the skull and improve vocal resonance.
• Olfactory Region: Located at the top of the nasal cavity, it contains sensory receptors for detecting smells.

Functions of the Ear and Nose:

Functions of the Ear:

• Hearing: The ear detects sound waves, converts them into electrical signals, and sends them to the brain for processing.
• Balance: The inner ear (semicircular canals) detects changes in head position and helps maintain equilibrium and coordination.

Functions of the Nose:

• Breathing: The nose serves as the primary entry point for air, which is filtered, warmed, and humidified before reaching the lungs.
• Smell: The olfactory receptors in the nose detect and send signals to the brain about various odors.
• Protection: The nose filters out dust, pathogens, and other foreign particles through the mucus and cilia in the nasal passages.

Care and Grooming of the Ear and Nose:

Care and Grooming of the Ear:

• Cleaning: Clean the outer ear gently with a soft cloth or tissue. Avoid using cotton swabs in the ear canal as it may push wax further in.
• Ear Protection: Protect the ears from loud noises to prevent hearing damage, and wear ear protection when exposed to high noise levels.
• Drying: After swimming or bathing, dry the ears gently to prevent moisture buildup, which could lead to ear infections.
• Regular Check-ups: Get regular hearing tests, especially if experiencing any hearing loss, discomfort, or frequent ear infections.

Care and Grooming of the Nose:

• Nasal Hygiene: Use saline sprays or nasal irrigation to clear out mucus or allergens, especially in dry climates or during cold and allergy seasons.
• Blowing the Nose: Blow the nose gently to avoid injury to the nasal passages or eardrums.
• Avoid Overuse of Decongestants: Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays can irritate the nasal lining. Use them sparingly and only as directed.
• Protection from Pollutants: Avoid exposing the nose to strong chemicals, smoke, or other environmental irritants that may damage the sensitive nasal lining.
• Moisturizing: In dry weather, apply a gentle moisturizer or petroleum jelly around the nostrils to prevent dryness or cracking.

EVALUATION:

1. Explain the structure of the ear and describe the role of each part in the hearing process.
2. What are the functions of the nose, and how does it contribute to both breathing and smelling?
3. How does the ear help maintain balance, and which part of the ear is primarily responsible for this function?
4. What are some key practices for maintaining ear health, and why is it important to avoid certain cleaning methods?
5. Describe the steps you can take to properly care for your nose and prevent common issues like nasal congestion or irritation.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively