Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 1

Human development

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TERM – 1ST TERM

WEEK FIVE

Class: Junior Secondary School 1

Age: 12 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC SCIENCE

Topic:  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define Puberty and Adolescence
  2. Identify Puberty/Adolescent Changes Physical, Social and Emotional Changes
  3. Define Personal Hygiene
  4. Identify the Myths and Facts about Pubertal Changes in Boys and Girls
  5. Identify ways of coping with concerns at adolescence Pubertal Changes and Emotional Development

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains puberty and adolescence

Teacher discusses the physical, social and emotional changes during puberty and adolescence

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher describes personal hygiene

Teacher discusses the Myths and Facts about Pubertal Changes in Boys and Girls

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

Teacher discusses the ways of coping with concerns at adolescence Pubertal Changes and Emotional Development.

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Meaning of Puberty and Adolescence

Puberty is the stage of development when a child's body begins to undergo physical changes, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood.

Adolescence is a broader stage of human development encompassing the period of life between childhood and adulthood. It typically begins with the onset of puberty and extends into the late teens or early twenties.

Puberty/Adolescent Changes

Physical Changes

  1. Rapid increase in height and weight.
  2. Development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development in females, growth of facial hair in males, and changes in body shape.
  3. Deepening of voice in males due to growth of the larynx (Adam's apple).
  4. Onset of menstrual cycles in females, indicating reproductive maturity.
  5. Increased oil production leading to skin breakouts.
  6. Increased sweat production and changes in hormonal activity leading to body odor.
  7. Increase in muscle mass and strength, especially in males.

Social Changes

  1. Increased importance of friendships and social interactions with peers.
  2. Exploration of personal values, beliefs, and interests.
  3. Influence from peers on behavior, appearance, and attitudes.
  4. Interest and exploration of romantic and sexual relationships may begin.

Emotional Changes

  1. Fluctuations in mood due to hormonal changes and stress.
  2. Concerns about body image and acceptance by peers.
  3. Questioning of one's identity, beliefs, and values.
  4. Desire for autonomy and decision-making, sometimes leading to conflicts with parents or authority figures.

Personal Hygiene

Personal hygiene refers to the practices and habits individuals undertake to maintain cleanliness and promote overall health. It includes activities such as bathing or showering regularly, brushing teeth, washing hands, maintaining clean clothes, and grooming habits like hair care and skincare.

Menstruation, Menstrual Cycle, and Menstrual Hygiene

Menstruation

Menstruation refers to the monthly shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) in females of reproductive age. It is a natural process that occurs as a result of hormonal changes in the body, particularly the fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone levels. Menstruation typically lasts around 3 to 7 days, during which blood and tissue are discharged from the uterus through the vagina.

Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurring process that takes place in the female body, usually lasting around 28 days on average, although it can vary from person to person. The menstrual cycle involves a series of hormonal changes and physiological events aimed at preparing the uterus for pregnancy.

Menstrual Hygiene

Menstrual hygiene refers to the practices and measures taken to manage menstrual bleeding in a clean, safe, and dignified manner. It includes using sanitary products such as pads, tampons, menstrual cups, or period underwear to absorb or collect menstrual blood. Additionally, menstrual hygiene involves regularly changing sanitary products to prevent odor, discomfort, and the risk of infections.

Myths and Facts about Pubertal Changes in Boys and Girls

The following are some common myths and corresponding facts about pubertal changes in boys and girls:

  1. Myth: Girls start puberty earlier than boys.

Fact: While girls generally start puberty earlier than boys on average, there is variability among individuals. Some boys may begin puberty before girls, and vice versa. Puberty typically starts between ages 8 and 13 for girls and between ages 9 and 14 for boys.

  1. Myth: Acne is caused by poor hygiene.

Fact: Acne is primarily caused by hormonal changes during puberty, which stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more oil.

  1. Myth: Boys' voices never crack during puberty.

Fact: Voice cracking is a common occurrence during puberty for boys as their vocal cords lengthen and thicken due to hormonal changes.

  1. Myth: Puberty ends at a specific age.

Fact: Puberty is a gradual process that can last several years, typically culminating in the late teens or early twenties. However, the timing and duration of puberty can vary widely among individuals.

  1. Myth: Menstruation means a girl can get pregnant.

Fact: While menstruation indicates ovulation and the potential for pregnancy, it does not guarantee fertility.

  1. Myth: Puberty is the same for everyone.

Fact: Puberty is a highly individualized process, and the timing and sequence of changes can vary greatly among individuals.

Coping with Concerns at Adolescence Pubertal Changes and Emotional Development

  1. Encourage open and honest communication between adolescents and trusted adults, such as parents, teachers, or counselors, to discuss concerns and emotions related to puberty.
  2. Providing accurate and age-appropriate information about puberty, including physical changes, emotional changes, and coping strategies.
  3. Create a supportive environment where adolescents feel comfortable expressing themselves and seeking help when needed.
  4. Encourage the development of healthy coping mechanisms, such as physical activity, creative outlets, journaling, and relaxation techniques, to manage stress and emotions effectively.
  5. If concerns about puberty or emotional development persist or significantly impact daily life, consider seeking support from a healthcare provider, therapist, or counselor for additional guidance and assistance.

EVALUATION: 1. Define Puberty and Adolescence.

  1. Identify 3 changes each (physical, social and emotional) that occur during puberty and adolescence
  2. Mention 5 myth and facts about Pubertal changes in boys and girls.
  3.   Identify 5 ways of coping with concerns at adolescence Pubertal Changes and Emotional Development

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively