Home Economics - Junior Secondary 1 - The human body II

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 4

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 1

AGE: 12 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: The human body II

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1.) Discuss the structure and parts of the eye

2.) State the functions of the eye

3.) Outline the care and grooming of the eye

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 1

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

THE HUMAN BODY

Structure and Parts of the Eye:

The human eye is a complex organ responsible for vision. It consists of several parts that work together to capture light and send visual information to the brain.

• Cornea: The transparent outer layer that focuses light as it enters the eye.
• Pupil: The black circular opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye.
• Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.
• Lens: Located behind the pupil, it focuses light onto the retina.
• Retina: A light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) to detect light and send signals to the brain.
• Optic Nerve: Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
• Sclera: The white, outer layer of the eye that provides structure and protection.
• Conjunctiva: A thin membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the eyelids, providing moisture and protection.
• Aqueous Humor: A clear fluid that fills the front part of the eye, providing nutrients and maintaining eye pressure.
• Vitreous Humor: A gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and retina, helping the eye maintain its shape.

Functions of the Eye:

The primary function of the eye is to capture light and send visual signals to the brain. The functions of different parts of the eye include:

• Light Reception: The cornea and lens focus light onto the retina, where photoreceptor cells detect the light and convert it into electrical signals.
• Image Formation: The lens and cornea work together to focus light on the retina, forming an image that is sent to the brain for processing.
• Adjusting Light Intake: The iris controls the size of the pupil, regulating the amount of light entering the eye based on the surrounding lighting conditions.
• Color and Depth Perception: Cones in the retina help perceive color and provide sharp vision, while rods detect light intensity and are responsible for night vision.

Care and Grooming of the Eye:

Proper care and grooming of the eyes are essential for maintaining good eye health and preventing vision problems.

• Regular Eye Exams: Schedule regular eye checkups to detect vision issues early and maintain eye health.
• Proper Lighting: Avoid straining the eyes by using adequate lighting when reading, working, or using digital devices.
• Protecting from UV Rays: Wear sunglasses that block UV rays to protect your eyes from sun damage.
• Good Hygiene: Clean the eyelids and surrounding areas gently to avoid irritation or infection. Avoid rubbing your eyes with dirty hands.
• Proper Screen Usage: Follow the 20-20-20 rule when using screens—every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away to reduce eye strain.
• Balanced Diet: Eat foods rich in vitamins A, C, and E, as well as omega-3 fatty acids to promote eye health.
• Resting the Eyes: Ensure that you give your eyes time to rest by avoiding prolonged periods of strain and using eye exercises to relieve tension.

EVALUATION:

1. Describe the main parts of the eye and explain the function of each part in the process of vision.
2. How does the iris control the amount of light entering the eye, and why is this function important?
3. What are the differences between the rods and cones in the retina, and how do they contribute to vision?
4. Explain why regular eye exams are important and what other steps can be taken to maintain eye health.
5. What is the role of the aqueous and vitreous humor in the eye, and how do they contribute to the overall functioning of the eye?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively