Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 1

TERM – 1^ST TERM

WEEK ONE

Class: Junior Secondary School 1

Age: 12 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC SCIENCE

Topic: LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS–I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Define matter
2. Identify the physical and chemical properties of Matter
3. Identify states of Matter

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

LIVING AND NON LIVING THINGS–I

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It can exist in various forms, including solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. All substances, whether they are living or non-living, are composed of matter.

Classification and Identification of matter

Matter can be identified based on their physical and chemical properties.

Physical properties of matter

The physical properties of matter are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition. Some common physical properties include:

1. Density: The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.
2. Color: The visual appearance of a substance as perceived by the human eye.
3. Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state.
4. Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas state.
5. Texture: The feel or appearance of the surface of a substance.
6. Conductivity: The ability of a substance to conduct heat or electricity.

Chemical properties of matter

The chemical properties describe how substances interact with each other to form new substances. These properties can only be observed during a chemical reaction, where the substance undergoes a change in its chemical composition. Some common chemical properties include:

1. Flammability: The ability of a substance to burn or ignite when exposed to a flame or heat.
2. Reactivity: How readily a substance reacts with other substances to form new compounds.
3. Acidity/Basicity: The tendency of a substance to act as an acid or a base in a chemical reaction.
4. Oxidation State: The degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, indicating its ability to gain or lose electrons.
5. Corrosiveness: The ability of a substance to deteriorate or wear away other materials through chemical action.
6. Toxicity: The degree to which a substance can harm living organisms or the environment when it is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed.
7. Chemical Composition: The specific elements and their proportions that make up a substance, determining its chemical behavior.

State of Matter

The states of matter refer to the different physical forms in which matter can exist. The four fundamental states of matter are:

1. Solid: In this state, particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement, with strong intermolecular forces holding them in place. Solids have a definite shape and volume and are not easily compressible.
2. Liquid: Liquids have particles that are close together but can move past each other, allowing the substance to flow and take the shape of its container. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of the container they are in. They are not easily compressible.
3. Gas: Gases have particles that are spaced far apart and move freely, filling the entire volume of their container. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume and are highly compressible.
4. Plasma: Plasma is a state of matter in which gas particles become ionized, meaning they lose or gain electrons, resulting in a mixture of positively charged ions and free electrons. Plasmas have unique properties, including conductivity and the ability to generate magnetic fields.

EVALUATION: 1. Define matter.

2. Mention and explain the states of matter.
3. Identify 5 physical properties and 5 chemical properties of matter.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively