Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 2

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CLASS:  SS 2

DATE:

TERM: 3rd TERM

REFERENCE BOOKS

• New General Mathematics SSS2 by M.F. Macrae etal.
• Essential Mathematics SSS2 by A.J.S. Oluwasanmi.
• Exam Focus Mathematics.

 
WEEK SEVEN

TOPIC: MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE OF GROUPED DATA

MEAN: The arithmetic mean of grouped frequency distribution can be obtained using:

 Class Mark Method:

            X  =  fx/∑f    where x is the midpoint of the class interval.

Assumed Mean Method: It is also called working mean method.    X  =  A + (∑ Fd/∑f)    

Where, d = x – A,   x = class mark and A = assumed mean.

EXAMPLE: The numbers of matches in 100 boxes are counted and the results are shown in the table below:

Calculate the mean (i) using class mark    (ii) assumed mean method given that the assumed mean is 30.5.

Solution:

1. Class Mark Method: X  =  fx/∑f   =  3214/100   = 32. 14 = 32 matches per box (nearest whole no)                                                 
2. Assumed Mean Method: X  =  A + (∑ Fd/∑f)    

                                                  = 30. 5 + (164/100) =30.5 + 1.64

                                                  = 32.14 = 32 matches per box (nearest whole number)

EVALUATION:

Calculate the mean shoe sizes of the number of shoes represented in the table below using (i) class mark   (ii) assumed mean method given that the assumed mean is 42.

MODE

The mode of a grouped frequency distribution can be determined geometrically and by interpolation method.

Mode from Histogram: The highest bar is the modal class and the mode can be determined by drawing a straight line from the right top corner of the bar to the right top corner of the adjacent bar on the left. Draw another line from the left top corner to the bar of the modal class to the left top corner of the adjacent bar on the right.

Example: 

The table gives the distribution of ages of students in an institution.

Draw a histogram and use your histogram to estimate the mode to the nearest whole number.

Solution:

   35

    30

    25

    20

    15

    10

      5

      0

              15.5     18.5    21.5     24.5    27.5    30.5                                  Histogram

Modal class = 22   -    24

Mode = 21.5 + 0.9 = 22.4, approximately 22 yrs.

MODE FROM INTERPOLATION: The mode can be obtained using the formula.

Mode = Lm + ∆1∆1+∆2C

Where Lm = lower class boundary of the modal class.

             âˆ†1  = difference between the frequency of the modal class and the class before it.

             âˆ†2  = difference between the frequency of the modal class and the class after it.

             C   = class width of the modal class.

Example: Using the table given in the example above:

  Modal class = 22 – 24,   ∆1 = 35 – 30 = 5,  ∆2 = 35 – 24 = 11,   C = 3,   Lm = 21.5

          Mode = 21.5   +     5            3

5 + 11

                                                 = 21.5 + (15/16)   = 21.5 + 0.9375

                                                 = 22.44, approximately 22 yrs.

MEDIAN OF GROUPED DATA: The median of grouped data can be determined from a cumulative frequency curve and from the interpolation formula.

Median from Cumulative Frequency Curve: The cumulative frequency curve can be used to determine the median.

EXAMPLE: The table below shows the masses of 50 students in a secondary school

1. Prepare a cumulative frequency table for the data.
2. Draw the ogive and use your graph to find the median.

Solution:

       50                                       *

       45

       40                                           *

       35                  *

       30

       25          *        

20                           *

       15

       10                     *

         5             *

         0   

14.5   19.5   24.5    29.5  34.5  39.5  44.5     Upper Class Boundary

Cumulative Frequency Curve Showing the Masses of 50 Students.

To find the median, find (N/2) and check the table on the curve.

 Therefore, N/2  = 50/2   = 25th

Check 25th on the cumulative frequency and trace to the upper class boundary.

Median = 29.5 + 0.5 = 30kg

MEDIAN FROM INTERPOLATION FORMULA

Median = L1 +   N/2 – cfmC

                               fm

Where, L1 = lower class boundary of the median class.

             Cfm = cumulative frequency of the class before the median class.

              Fm = frequency of the median class.

                C   = class width of the median class.

                N   = Total frequency

The median class: 30 – 34, L1 = 29.5, cfm = 24,   fm = 11,   C = 5

              Median = 29.5 +  25 - 24   x 5

11

                            = 29.5 + 5     = 30kg

EVALUATION: Calculate the modal shoe sizes and median of the number of shoes represented in the table below using interpolation and graphical method.

GENERAL EVALUATION:

The table below gives the distribution of masses (kg) of 40 people

1. State the modal class of the distribution and find the mode.
2.  Draw a cumulative frequency curve to illustrate the distribution.
3. Use the curve in ‘2’ to estimate the median.
4. Calculate the mean of the distribution.

READING ASSIGNMENT

New General Mathematics SSS2,page 160,  exercise14a.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

The table gives the frequency distribution of a random sample of 250 steel bolts according to their head diameter, measured to the nearest 0.01mm.

1. State the median class and calculate the median using interpolation method.
2. Draw the histogram and use it to estimate the mode.
3. Calculate the mean value using a working mean of 23.28mm.