Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

SUBJECT: I.C.T

CLASS:  SS 1

DATE:

TERM: 3rd TERM

 
WEEK 1

TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO THE APPLICATION OF ICT

Reference book: Hiit @ School, Computer Studies for Senior Secondary Education.

CONTENT

ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form.

The products of ICT includes: Personal Computers (PCs), television, email,, robots, GSM, scanner etc.

TYPES OF ICT are:

1. Broadcasting
2. Telecommunications
3. Data Networks
4. Information Systems
5. Satellite Communications

BROADCASTING: is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience through a medium such as radio, television etc.

The three basic types of broadcasting are:

1. Radio Broadcasting
2. Television Broadcasting

iii.    Satellite TV system Broadcasting

Radio Broadcasting is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, broadcast through the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an antenna and therefore to a receiving device. Broadcasting by radio may be via AM (Amplitude Modulation) or FM (Frequency Modulation) stations. 

Television Broadcasting

TV broadcast programs were generally transmitted as an analogue television signal until the 20the century but in the recent years public and commercial broadcasters have been progressively introduce digital television broadcasting technology. Digital television broadcasting is the transmission of audio and video by using analogue signals (signals with varying amplitude or frequency).

Broadcasting on TV is usually on VHF (Very High Frequency) or UHF (Ultra High Frequency).

Satellite Television System Broadcasting

Satellite television system broadcasting is a form of transmission that sends television signals directly to the home of viewers. The signals are usually received by a satellite dish. The dish serves as an outdoor antenna.

TELECOMMUNICATION: this is the exchange of information over significant distances using electronic medium such as telephone, cables, telegraph etc. A telecommunication system is any system that is used for communicating over distances. 

The types of telecommunication systems are:

1. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) (Landline): is the network which allows any telephone in the world to communicate. It uses copper wire to transmit voice in analogue form. Telephone service that uses PSTN is often called Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).
2. Mobile Phone System (GSM): this is a digital telecommunication system. Example of a mobile phone device is the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). The GSM can be used for voice communications, text messaging, data transfer etc.

iii. Circuit Switched Packet Telephone System (CSPT): Most telephones are CSPT. CSTP is a telephone system that uses circuit switching technology i.e. a reliable connection between communication channels. Once a call is initiated on CSPT, the call remains as long as the caller does not disconnect the call.

1. Satellite Telephone System: this is the type of mobile phone that connects to orbiting satellites unlike mobile phone that get their signals from a typical telecommunication mast. An example of this device is Thuraya.
2. Fixed Wireless Telephone System: these are telephone systems that are situated in a fixed location such as offices or houses unlike mobile devices such as the GSMs. They do not require cables or wires for transmission of data; they transmit signals through the air. 

Evaluation

1a. What is broadcasting?

1.   List and write short note on the types of broadcasting

2a. What is telecommunications?

1.   Explain five types of telecommunications.

DATA NETWORK: Data network is an electronic communication system that allows the transmission and reception of data such as letters, documents and so on.

The basic types of data networks are:

1. Personal Area Network (PAN): is a computer network around an individual. A user can transfer data on this network using computer, a cell phone or handheld computing devices such as PDA which is the same as handheld computers. Example, palmtops that use a pen rather than a keyboard for input are often called PDA or handheld computer. A cable may not be necessary for this type of data network, Bluetooth or infrared are mainly used.
2. Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance, example is within a school. Users on this network can send and receive data on a personal computer or a laptop using cable or wireless medium.

iii. Metropolitan Area Network:  is computer network that covers a metropolis such as a city, campus etc. Users can exchange data on their computers within the MAN.

1. Wide Area Network (WAN): is a network that covers several cities, states and even countries.
2. Internet: is a global data communication system that interconnects different networks.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS: is a collection of components such as people, procedures, data, databases, telecommunication systems, software and hardware that are used to gather and analyse digital information.

Two important types of Information systems that are used to gather and anlyse digital information are:

1. Data Processing System: this is also known as Transaction Processing Systems (TPS). They are used to process data in firms and organizations that are not online. Examples are:

Billing systems e.g. PHCN billing system for calculating customer’s electricity bills at the end of every month.

Systems used to compute taxes.

Payroll System: this is used to compute workers’ salary etc

1. Global Positioning System: this is a global information system that uses satellite to transmit signals information to the earth via GPS receivers. GPS receivers determine:

- users exact location on the globe

- time difference

- sunrise and sunset time

- trip distance: this is commonly used by airplanes.

Evaluation

1a. What is data network?

1b. List and explain any three types of data networks.

2a. What is information systems?

2b. List any two types of information systems and explain.

Reading Assignment:  Hiit @ School, Computer Studies for Senior Secondary Education. Pages 37-39.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ______ is used to process data in firms and organizations that are not online. 
2. a) Transaction Processing System b) Information systems c) PSTN d) CSPT
3. The distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience through a medium is _____ 
4. a) broadcasting b) channeling c) signaling d) satellite
5. ____is the network which allows ant telephone in the world to communicate a) data network b)PSTN c) CSPT d) telecommunications
6. _____ is a telephone system that uses circuit switching technology a) PSTN b) CSPT c) landline d)        data network.
7. The collection of information that are used to gather and analyse digital information is ______ a) information system b) information technology c) ICT d) engineering technology

THEORY

1. Explain any four types of ICT.
2. State five types of telecommunication systems and explain.