Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary School 1

Three Column Cash Book

CLASS : SS 1

SUBJECT: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

DATE:

TERM: 2nd Term

WEEK THREE AND FOUR

TOPIC: Three Column Cash Book 

CONTENT

  • Discounts – Definition, Types, Features 
  • Reasons for Granting Discounts 
  • Differences Between Trade Discounts and Cash Discounts 
  • Classification on Cash Discounts 
  • The Three Column Cash Book 

 

Three Column Cash Book 

This type of Cash Book combine discount column on both sideto the cash and bank column. The discounts allowed column is on the debit side, while the discounts received column is on the credit side. The principle of double entry is also applicable in the three column Cash Book. It must be noted however that the discount allowed and the discount received columns though they have the appearance of account columns, are merely memoranda, from them we can obtain periodic totals that will be entered in the discounts accounts.

 

Discounts 

This is the reduction in the price of goods given by a trader to his customer in order to encourage bulk purchases or prompt payment 

 

Types of Discounts

  1. Trade Discounts: This is the discount given by a trader to encourage his customers to buy in bulk i.e. in large quantities 
  2. Cash Discounts:This is the discount given by a trader to encourage his customers to settle their accounts promptly 

 

Reasons for Granting Discounts 

  1. To encourage customers to buy in bulk i.e. in large quantities 
  2. To encourage prompt settlement of account 
  3. To avoid (reduce) the risk of bad debts 
  4. To allow the buyer to have a margin for his own profit 
  5. To avoid tying down of business capital 
  6. Discounts attract customers 
  7. Discounts encourage continuous patronage by loyal customers 
  8. Discounts increases the sales or turnover of a business 

 

Difference between Trade Discounts and Cash Discounts 

Trade Discounts                     Cash Discounts 

  1. Given to encourage bulk purchases        Given to encourage prompt settlement of account 
  2. Trade discount is recorded in the journals     Cash discount is recorded in the ledger 

(daybooks)

  1. Trade discount is unconditional             Cash discount is conditional: payment must be made

withina specified period of time 

  1. Trade discount must be deducted before cash    Cash discount is deducted after trade discount has 

discount                        been deducted 

 

Classification of Cash Discounts 

  1. Discounts Allowed: This is the discount a business allows its credit customers (debtors) when they pay their accounts within a set time. This is an expense of the business as it is the cost of having debts settled promptly 
  2. Discounts Received: This is the discount a business receives from its credit suppliers (creditors) when it pays their accounts within a set time. This is an income of the business as it is the benefit received from settling debts promptly. It is important to realize that discount received does not involve the receipt of money: the supplier simply accepts less money in settlement of the account 

 

EVALUATION 

  1. Sate four features of each of the following  (a) Trade Discounts     (b) Cash Discounts 
  2. List five reasons why a trader will grant discount to his customers 

 

Illustration 

From the following information write up a three column Cash Book of Favour Business Enterprises balance off at the end of the month, and show the relevant discounts accounts as they would appear in the general ledger:

2016 

March 1Balance Brought Forward
 Cash in hand N21,100
 Cash at Bank N89,840
March 2We paid each if the following accounts by cheque, in each case we deducted 5% cash discount: T. Ankrah N8,000; C. asafo N26,000; D. Kodjo
March 4C. Talabi pays us a cheque for N9,800
March 6Cash Sales paid direct into the Bank N14,900
March 7Paid Insurance by Cash N6,500
March 9The following persons paid us the following accounts by cheque, in each case they deducted a discount of 212%: R. Dambo N16,000; J.Apiah N6,400; R. Andrah N5,200
March 12Paid motor expenses by Cash N10,000
March 18Cash sales N98,000
March 21Paid Salaries by Cheque N12,000
March 23Paid rent by Cash N6,000
March 28Received a cheque for N50,000 being a loan from R.Atadika
March 31Paid for Stationery by cheque N8,700



Favour Business Enterprises

Cash Book 

   

Discount

Allowed 

Cash

Bank

   

Discount

Allowed 

Cash

Bank

2016

  

N

N

N

   

N

N

N

Mar 1

Balance

b/d

 

21,000

89,840

Mar 1

T.Ankrah

 

400

 

7,600

Mar 4

C.Talabi

   

9,800

Mar 2

C.Asafo

 

1,300

 

24,700

Mar 6

Sales

   

14,900

Mar 2

D.Kodjo

 

2,200

 

41,800

 

R.Dambo

 

400

 

15,600

Mar 7

Insurance

  

6,500

 
 

J.Apiah

 

160

 

6,240

Mar 12

Motor Ex

  

10,000

 
 

R. Andah

 

130

 

5,070

Mar 21

Salaries

   

12,000

 

Sales

  

98,000

 

Mar 23

Rent

  

6,000

 
 

R. Atadika -Loan

   

50,000

Mar 31

Stationery

   

8,700

      

Mar 31

Balance

c/d

 

96,600

96,000

   

690

119,110

191,450

   

3,900

119,100

191,450



General Ledger 

Discounts Allowed 

2016 N2016N
Mar 31Total for the Month690  



Discounts Received

2016 N2016N
Mar 31Total for the Month3,900  

 

 

N.B: Note that the discount columns in the Cash Book are totaled and not balanced. They are to be added weekly or monthly at the time the cash and bank columns are balanced and ruled off. the totals of the discount columns are taken to the discounts accounts in the ledger and are entered on the same sides of these accounts as they are found in the Cash Book

 

EVALUATION

  1. Business Accounting 1 Exercise 13.1, 13.2, 13.4A and 13.5A
  2. Simplified and Amplified Financial Accounting Exercise 2x; 5; 6x and 7x

 

READING ASSIGNMENT 

  1. Simplified and Amplified Financial Accounting page 72 – 86
  2. Business Accounting 1 page 97 – 106 

 

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS 

  1. Differentiate between Discounts Allowed and Discounts Received 
  2. State four differences betweenTrade Discounts and Cash Discounts 
  3. List two similarities between Discounts Allowed and Discounts Received
  4. State ten uses of the General Journal 
  5. List ten ledger accounts that have debit balances

 

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT 

  1. In which of the following books will trade discount be recorded     A. Cash book    B. General Ledger     C. Invoices     D. Purchases Day Book 
  2. When discount is allowed the accounting entry is debit discount allowed account and credit   A. Expenses Account    B. Suspense account    C. Debtors Account     D. Creditors account 
  3. The process of entering transaction from one book to another is  A. folio    B. casting   C. posting    D. numbering 
  4. The column which is not generally balanced but summed up in the three column cash book is the ___________ column    A. bank    B. cash     C. contra    D. discount 
  5. When both debit and credit entries in respect of a transaction are made in the same ledger account this is   A. a ledger entry    B. an accounting entry    C. a folio entry    D. a contra entry  

 

THEORY 

  1. State five reasons why a trader will grant trade discount to his customer 
  2. State four differences between trade discounts and cash discounts 

 



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