Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 5

CLASSIFCIATION ACCORDING TO USES AND TYPES

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WEEK 7&8

SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

TERM: 1ST TERM

CLASS: PRIMARY 5

Classification according to Uses and Types

There are many classes of crops depending on their types and uses. These are cereals, legumes, tubers, vegetables, fruits, beverages, oils, drugs, spices, latex and sugar crops.

 

Cereals         

These are plants that are grown to produce grains used for food by man and animals. They are mostly in the form of grasses. Examples of cereals are maize, rice, millet, guinea corn, sorghum and wheat.

Examples are

  • Millet
  • Rice
  • Sorghum

Uses

  • As raw materials for industries For feeding domestic animals. 
  • For making starch.
  • As pap for meal, especially breakfast.
  • Roasted, boiled, and eaten, e.g. maize.
  • Cooked as food, e.g. rice.
  • For making flour used in baking bread and producing biscuits, e.g. wheat. 

 

Legumes

These are plants of the beans family. They produce pods that bear seeds in rows. The pods are split into two along their lengths when dry to bring out the seeds. Examples are cowpea, soya bean, green beans and pigeon pea.

Uses

Some are used for making animal feed.

Some are used for preparing babies’ food. 

Some can be prepared into flour for baking bread. 

Some can be ground and fried as balls, e.g. akara balls. 

Legumes can be boiled, eaten alone or eaten with other food items.  

Examples are:

  • Beans

FIG. 1

  • Soybeans 

 FIG. 2

 

Tubers

Tubers are the roots of some crops, e.g. cassava, and the stems of other crops, e.g. yam. They grow inside the soil.

Uses

Some can be processed into starch for use in industries. 

Cassava can be processed into garri for food. 

Some can be fried as chips for food. 

Some can be prepared into flour meal, e.g. amala (yam) and foofoo

(cassava). 

Some can be pounded and eaten with soup. 

Yam and cassava can be boiled or roasted for food. 

Examples

  • Yam
  • Potato
  • cassava

 fig. 3

 

Vegetables

Vegetables are mostly annual crops that we eat their leaves, fruits or roots as food. Examples are amaranthus, cabbage, tomato, okra, pepper, carrot and onion.

Examples:

  • Okra
  • Tomatoes
  • Cabbage

USES

They can be eaten raw or used in making salad. 

Their leaves and fruits are used for preparing soup. 

They can be processed into fruit juices and drinks.

 fig. 4

fig. 5

Beverages

These are crops grown for the purpose of producing food drinks as their end product. Examples are tea, coffee and cocoa Examples are tea and coffee

USES

Some beverage crops are used for making chocolate. 

Beverage crops are used for preparing food drinks.

 

Drugs

Examples are opium and coca leaves

Spices

Examples are pepper and ginger

FRUIT CROPS

These are crops grown for the purpose of producing fruits for man and animals. Examples of such fruit crops are citrus, mango, guava, pear, banana, plantain, pineapple and pawpaw. 

 fig. 6

ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

  1. Name three ways by which we can classify crops
  2. What are perennial crops? Give examples
  3. Classify these crops according to their forms: maize, beans, water-leaf, soya beans, cassava, pepper and cocoa.
  4. Classify the crops according to their uses.
  5. Classify the crops according to their lifespan.

WRAP UP (CONCLUSION): Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

Classify the crops in (3) above according to their lifespan  Classify the crops in (3) above according to their uses. 

Classify these crops according to their forms: maize, beans, water-leaf, soya beans, cassava, pepper and cocoa. 

What are perennial crops? Give two examples. 

Name three ways by which we can classify crops.



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