Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 4

THE FIRST AID BOX

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WEEK 10&11

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

TERM: 1ST TERM

CLASS: PRIMARY 4

TOPIC: THE FIRST AID BOX

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, pupils should be able to

  • Define first aid
  • Mention the equipment in the first aid
  • State the uses of each equipment found in the first aid box

REFERENCE MATERIALS

  • NERDC Basic Education Curriculum.
  • Universal Basic Education Curriculum (UBE)
  • Unified Schemes of Work for Lagos State Primary Schools (MIDDLE BASIC)
  • Lagos State Scheme of Work for Physical and Health Education.
  • Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: The students are familiar with the topic.�����������������

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CONTENT�

The first aid box

A first aid box is a box/bag that contains all the kits/materials that are needed for first aid cure/emergency.

The contents of a first aid box are:

  1. Bandages
  2. Scissors
  3. Cotton wool
  4. Gentian violet
  5. Iodine
  6. Gauze
  7. Plaster
  8. Antiseptics
  9. Splints
  10. Safety pins
  11. Razor blade
  12. Sling
  13. Mentholated spirit
  14. Glucose
  15. Smelling salts
  16. Antiseptic soap
  17. Hot water bottle
  18. Potassium permanganate
  19. Cold compress/pack
  20. Embrocating, e.g. Robb and,�Nerve and Bone liniment
  1. Forceps
  2. Record book and pen

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Uses of the first aid box

Bandages

Types of bandages are:

  1. Crepe bandage
  2. Triangular bandage
  3. Roller bandage
  4. Special bandages, e.g. the four tailed bandage

FIG. 1

The uses of bandages in first aid are:

  1. To protect wounds from infection.
  2. To act as compress to control swelling.
  3. To immobilise an injured part.
  4. To hold protective equipment in place.
  5. To control external bleeding.
  6. To assist in carrying a casualty.

Scissors

Scissors is used:

  1. For cutting bandages.
  2. For cutting plasters.
  3. For holding cotton wool.

Cotton wool

It is used:

  1. For covering wounds.
  2. For soaking up blood.
  3. for cleaning wounds.
  4. for applying drugs, e.g. iodine to wounds.
  5. for padding of tissues.

Gentian violet

It is used:

  1. For stopping an old open wound from being infected.
  2. For stopping wounds caused by burns or fire from being infected.

Sterile gauze

It is used:

  1. For covering wounds.
  2. For preventing wounds from becoming infected.

Iodine

It is used:

  1. For arresting bleeding of fresh wounds.
  2. For disinfecting a fresh wound.
  3. For hastening the clotting of blood.
  4. For hastening the healing of wounds.

Plaster

It is used:

  1. For covering a wound.
  2. For holding cotton wool on a wound soaked in iodine.

Antiseptic (Dettol, Purit, Savlon, etc.)

It is used:

  1. For killing microbes.
  2. For disinfecting materials used in first aid.
  3. For washing wounds and sores.

Splint (small piece of wood like a ruler)

It is used:

  1. For immobilising a fracture.
  2. For holding a fracture in place.�
  1. On a wound before wrapping with a bandage.

Safety pin

It is used:

  1. For holding bandage ends.
  2. For keeping a bandage in place.

Razor blade

It is used:

  1. For cutting bandages.
  2. For cutting plaster.
  3. For sharpening objects.
  4. For shaving.

Sling

It is used:

  1. For supporting a fractured arm.
  2. For suspending a sprained elbow joint.
  3. For supporting a dislocated shoulder joint.

Methylated spirit

It is used:

  1. For cleaning a fresh wound.
  2. For disinfecting wound.
  3. For hastening the clotting of blood.

Glucose

It is used:

  1. For giving instant energy to a patient.
  2. For aiding quick recovery from exhaustion.

Smelling salt

It is used for reviving a person that has fainted.

Antiseptic soap

It is used for washing the hands after the application of first aid.

Potassium permanganate

It is used for taking care of snake bites before the arrival of the doctor to give an anti-snake bite vaccine.

Cold compress/pack

Cold compress is a bag, cloth, or sheet that is soaked with water, or filled with something cold, and applied to a brushed or bleeding area, in order to constrict or shrink the blood vessels supplying an area of the body with blood.

Embrocation

It is used:

  1. For massaging any swelling of the muscle.
  2. For massaging strained joints.
  3. For massaging strained and aching Muscle�

Forceps

It is used:

  1. For protecting the fingers from stains.
  2. For protecting the fingers from infection.
  3. For holding cotton wool to clean wounds instead of using the fingers.
  4. For holding cotton wool when soaking in iodine/spirit

FIG. 2

fig. 3�

Record book and pen

These are used:

  1. For recording the names, class and sex of the student
  2. For recording the nature of the wound or sickness.
  3. For recording the type of attention given.

�fig. 4

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

  • The Teacher revises the previous lesson�
  • The Teacher introduces the topic
  • The Teacher explains the lessons.

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

Teacher asks the learners to:

  • Define first aid
  • Mention the equipment in the first aid
  • State the uses of each equipment found in the first aid box

CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.�

Exercise

  1. List five contents of a first aid box.
  2. Explain the usefulness of each of the first aid materials listed in item (1).


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