Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 3

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CLASS:  JSS 3

DATE:

TERM: 2nd TERM

 
WEEK EIGHT                                                        Date:…………………….

TOPIC: ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION

CONTENT:    i)   Horizontal and vertical lines

1. ii)  Angles of elevation

        iii) Measuring angles of elevation and depression.

Horizontal and Vertical Lines

Horizontal lines are lines that are parallel to the surface of the earth. For example, the surface of a liquid in a container, floor of a classroom, etc. See the diagram below:

    Horizontal line

Vertical lines are lines that are perpendicular to the horizontal surface, e.g. wall of a classroom, a swing pendulum, etc.

    Vertical line  

Evaluation:

    Say whether the following are horizontal or vertical or neither.

1. a) A table top        b) A door       c) A table leg           d) Top edge of a wall.

READING ASSIGNMENT

NGM Bk 2 Chapter 20, Page 165

Essential Mathematics for JSS Bk 2, Chapter 17, Pg 173

Angles of Elevation

The angle of elevation of an object for a given point above the surface of the earth is the angle formed between the horizontal plane and the view point of the object. See the diagram below.      T

                                                                  T

                                       V                            F          

                             VF             Horizontal plane

    V = View point,     T = Top where the object is,       F = Foot of the vertical plane     

       e =  angle of elevation

Reference:

NGM Bk 2 Chapter 20, Page 165

Essential Mathematics for JSS Bk 2, Chapter 17, Pg 173

Angle of Depression

The angle of depression of an object from a given point T is angle from the horizontal line above the earth’s surface and the vertical surface.

    Horizontal    T

    h

    Thus, the angle of elevation is equal in size to the angle of depression. (alternate angles are equal i.e. d = e)

Measuring Angles of Elevation and Depression

When constructing angles of elevation and depression, the use of scale drawings is necessary in order to have effective construction of angles

Worked Examples

1. Consider the diagram below; find the height of the flagpole to the nearest metre using suitable 

    scale.

    F

Q          10m    T

Solution

    By construction, choose a scale of 1cm represent 2m.

    The height of the flagpole PT = 3cm, converted to m, will give 2 × 3 = 6.

Example 2: The angle of elevation of the top of a tower to a point 42m away from its base on 

       level ground is 360, find the height of the tower.

Solution   

    T

                                         3                         R

    42m

    By construction, using a suitable scale of 1cm represented by 6m, then PR = 42/6 = 7cm.

    The length TR = 5.0cm. Converting back to metre, we have;

    Length TR = 5 × 6 = 30m

Example 3: From the top of a bulding 20m high, the angle of depression of a car is 450, find the distance of the car from the foot of the building.

Solution

Rough sketch:    T

                                C         20m                   F            

T = Top of the building, C = Car, F = Foot of the building

CF is the distance of the car from the foot of the building. 

Since angle of depression equals angle of elevation;

By construction, using a suitable scale of 1cm represents 5m

For 20m, we have 20/5 = 4cm

Length CF = 4cm

By conversion, length CF = 4 × 5 = 20m.

Evaluation: 

1. A tower PQ is 10m high, if the distance from point R to P is 50m on the ground, find the 

angle of elevation of Q from R.

    Q

                                                     10m

                                             P     50m            R

2. From the top of a cliff of 200m high, Dele observes that the angle of depression of a boat at 

    sea is 350, find the distance between the boat and the foot of the cliff.

READING ASSIGNMENT

NGM Bk 2 Chapter 20, Page 166 - 169

Essential Mathematics for JSS Bk 2, Chapter 17, Pg 176 – 177.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective

1. Calculate the size of the fourth angle if three angles of a quadrilateral are 650, 1150, and 1250 respectively.   a) 350      b) 550      c) 450       d) 750
2. Calculate the number of sides of a regular polygon whose total angle is 10800. a) 4       b) 6           c) 8           d) 10
3. PQRS is a rectangle with sides 3cm and 4cm, if its diagonal cross at O, calculate the length of PO. a) 3.5cm   b) 5.0cm     c) 2.5cm      d) 4.0cm
4. If the angles of a pentagon could be x, 2x, 4x and 5x respectively, what would be the value of x? a) 600 b) 900 c) 150      d) 300

THEORY

1. From the top of a building 50m high, the angle of depression of a car is 550, find the distance of the car from the foot of the building.
2. Find the height of the flagpole in the diagram below to the nearest metre.

                                F

      20cm

B                                    C

                                                        8cm