Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 3

SUBJECT: HOME ECONOMICS

CLASS:� JSS 3

DATE:

TERM: 1st TERM

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WEEK 4

TOPIC: CARES AND HANDLING OF DIFFERENT FABRICS

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LAUNDRY AGENTS AND EQUIPMENTS

Laundry agents are substances which aid the removal of dirt from fabrics .They are:

1. Water: This is a very importance cleaning agent in laundry.

Uses of water in laundry

1. It is used for soaking clothes.
2. It cleanses articles with non-greasy dirt.
3. It is used for rising washed articles.

1. Detergents: A detergent is any substance that cleanse or aids the removal of dirt .Soap and synthetic detergents are all detergent

Uses of soap or detergents

1. Lower the surface tension of water.
2. Enable the water to welt the dirty article.
3. Removal of dirt from the fabrics.

1. Bleaches: it is one the laundry agents and is used for the following.

1. Make white cotton and linen fabric whiter.
2. Remove certain stains.
3. Kill disease carrying germs in fabrics.

1. Stiffing agent: These include different types of laundry starch as hot water starch, cold water starch, spray or aerosol starch.

Uses of stiffing agent in laundry

1. To stiffen cotton and linen fabrics.
2. To give the fabric a fresh look
3. To make fabrics keep clean for longer period.

1. Stain removers: These are the substances to aid in removing stains from the fabrics. These includes: ethylated spirit, lemon juice, bleach, kerosene, turpentine, ammonia, celcerine.

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT AND TOOL

These are can be classified according to their uses:

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• Laundry equipments and Tools for collecting dirty clothes: These include linen baskets, or bins, laundry bags.

• Laundry equipment and Tools for washing .These includes basins, buckets and laundry tubs or tray, washing machine is also used for washing.

• Laundry equipment and Tools for drying: These include clothes linen, movable clothes horse or hangers, pegs.

• Laundry equipment and Tools for ironing clothe: These include the iron, ironing board, ironing pads.

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LAUNDRY PROCESSES OR STEPS

1. Sorting: Dirty clothes are sorted out by separating them into whites and colours, fabrics types, colour fasts and non-colour fasts.
2. Mending : Before washing all tears in the article should be mended
3. Stain removal: Look for any special stains on the clothes and remove them before washing.
4. Soaking or steeping: Heavily soiled clothes that colour fasts such as bed sheets, pillowcases, and white cotton should be soaked for one to two hours before washing.
5. Washing: Use the type of soap or synthetic detergent suitable for articles e.g. Omo, Areal.
6. Rising: This is the process of by which dirty soap water is washed off the clothes until the water is clean and soap-less.
7. Boiling: Boil if necessary .Boiling helps to whiten articles and kill any germs in the clothes.
8. Bluing and stiffening: If desired add blue to the last rising water .Cotton add linens can be stiffened with starch.
9. Drying: Dry coloured clothes under a shade to prevent them from the bleaching effect of the sun and avoiding fading of colour.
10. Flashing or ironing: It is best to iron laundered articles when they are slightly damp.
11. Airing: After ironing, there is always a little steam left between the threads or fibres of the clothes .This should be allowed to dry off by airing.
12. Folding and storage: After airing, clothes can be stored by either folding and putting into boxes, or hanging in a wardrobe.