Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 3

TERM: FIRST TERM

SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES

CLASS: JSS 3

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WEEK THREE

TOPIC: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION

ROAD TRANSPORT

ADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORT BY ROAD

1. Road transport is flexible.

2� It is a suitable means of transport for carrying perishable goods.

3� It is relatively a faster means of transport.

4� The maintenance cost is low.

5� Loading and unloading are easy.

6� It provides door-to-door service for transporting goods, etc.

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DISADVANTAGESOF TRANSPORT BY ROAD

1. The rate at which accidents happen is high.
2. Congestions and traffic congestions occur in road transport.
3. It is not suitable for carrying fragile goods.
4. It does not operate on schedule.
5. Welfare facilities such as canteens and toilets are not provided.
6. It is not suitable for conveying heavy and bulky goods, etc.

RAIL TRANSPORT

ADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT

1. Trains carry bulky goods more than motor vehicles.
2. Accidents are not common occurrence.
3. Train fares are cheaper than that of motor vehicles.
4. It is good for long distance journeys.
5. Canteen and toilet facilities are made available in trains.
6. Trains do not involve in traffic hold-ups, etc

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DISADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT

1. It is not flexible like road transport
2. The maintenance costs of trains and their lines are high
3. Loading and unloading of goods in trains are not easy
4. Trains do not provide door-to-door service
5. Trains cannot be used by firms to do door-to-door advertising
6. Trains delay a lot on their ways as they stop from station to station,etc.

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WATER TRANSPORT

ADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT

1. It is the most suitable means of carrying bulky goods.
2. It connects countries of the world.
3. It helps to make international trade possible.
4. It is cheaper in long distance journeys than air transport.
5. Cargoes are expertly packed in ships.
6. Luxurious facilities are provided in trains,etc.

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DISADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT

1. It is very slow especially in long distances.
2. It is very expensive to acquire a ship.
3. Construction of new seaports is very expensive.
4. It is faced with the dangers of sea storms.
5. It is not a common means of transportation.
6. Loading and unloading of goods in ships is not easy,etc.

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AIR TRANSPORT�

ADVANTAGESOF AIR TRANSPORT

1. Air transport is the fastest means of transport.
2. It is the most suitable means of transporting perishable goods.
3. When efficiency and comfort are essential, it provides the answer.
4. It is conducted on schedule and therefore, it is reliable.
5. It is a� very good means of transport over long distances.
6. It costs nothing to provide air routes, etc.

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DISADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT

1. Air transport cost is very expensive.
2. It is not flexible because it is operated on schedule.
3. It is not suitable for carrying bulky goods.
4. Its operation is influenced by weather.
5. Cost of construction and equipping of airports are expensive.
6. Airports are located away from the people, etc.

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PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

ADVANTAGESOF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

1. It is a suitable means of transporting liquids.
2. It is cost effective.
3. It does not require elaborate preparation for loading and off-loading.

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DISADVANTAGESOF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

1.Pipelines are prone to vandalisation.

2. Some pipelines carrying toxic materials can be dangerous to the environment when damaged.
3. The cost of patrolling the pipelines to guard against vandalisation is very high.

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EVALUATION

1. State four advantages of air transport.
2. What are the five shortcomings of rail transport.

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READING ASSIGNMENT

Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 44 to 51

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GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Give the second eight consonants and their outlines.
2. Give the third eight consonants and their outlines.
3. Give the upward R and the downward R and their outlines.
4. How many vowels are there in Pitman shorthand?
5. Write out the vowels.

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WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ---- is the fastest means of transport. A. Air B. Water C. Road D. Rail
2. ---- is the most suitable means of transport for carrying bulky good.

1. Water B. Air C. Road D. Rail

1. ---- transport system is the most suitable for carrying perishable

1. Road B.Air C. Rail D. Pipeline

1. --- transport system is affected by traffic jams.

1. Road B. Rail C. Air D. Water

1. The transport system that is most affected by weather is ----

1. rail B. road C. water D. air

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THEORY

1. State five advantages and five disadvantages of transport by air
2. Mention three advantages of water transport� over air