SUBJECT:� BASIC SCIENCE ��� ���
CLASS:� JSS2
DATE:
TERM: 3RD TERM
REFERENCE
- Precious Seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 2
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WEEK THREE
CHEMICALS
A substance composed of chemical elements or a substance produced by or used in chemical processes. Chemical classes are groupings that relate chemicals by similar features. Chemicals can be classified by their structure (e.g., hydrocarbons), uses (e.g., pesticides), physical properties (e.g., volatile organic compounds [VOCs]), radiological properties (e.g., radioactive materials), or other factors. The chemical classes identified below are ones used by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to address hazardous substances.
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Classes of Chemicals
Based on use
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Pharmaceutical/cosmetics e.g. Mood stabilizers: lithium and valpromide
- Hormone replacements: Premarin
- Oral contraceptives: Enovid, "biphasic" pill, and "triphasic" pill
- Stimulants: methylphenidate, amphetamine
- Tranquilizers: meprobamate, chlorpromazine, reserpine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and alprazolam
- Statins: lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin.
Pharmaceutical or a drug is classified on the basis of their origin.
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Drug from natural origin: Herbal or plant or mineral origin, some drug substances are of marine origin.
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Drug from chemical as well as natural origin: Derived from partial herbal and partial chemical synthesis Chemical, example steroidal drugs
Drug derived from chemical synthesis.
Drug derived from animal origin: For example, hormones, and enzymes.
Drug derived from microbial origin: Antibiotics
- Nuclear; Radioactive means any material having a specific activity greater than 70 Becquerel (Bq) per gram.
E.g. 1.� Fission reaction at a nuclear power plant� provides enough energy to give electricity to large cities.
- The fussion reaction in the sun provides our planets with all the energy it needs� for all the living organisms to survive.
- An uncontrolled fission reaction provide the destructive forces of a nuclear bomb.
- Agrochemical or agrichemical; . In most cases, agrichemical refers to the broad range of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides. It may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and concentrated stores of raw animal manure.
- Industries- industries that use chemical to production of goods are called chemical based industries; dyes, iodine solutions, methylated spirit, soaps, detergent ,shampoo, cosmetics
- Laboratory� ; sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, tetraoxosulphate VI acid, sodium trioxocarbonate IV, potassium hydroxide, ethanol. Etc
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Based on hazardous nature;
Highly hazardous and toxic
- Explosive(picric acid, 2, 4-�dinitro-phenol, organic azides), chloroform, chromic acid, phenol, acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde burns rapidly. sodium�Ignites easily
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Based on moderately hazardous and toxic
- sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxides, organic acids, and oxidizing acids, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, nitric acid, bromine
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Non hazardous and toxic.
- nitrogen, carbon dioxide,
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READING ASSIGNMENT
Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 2 page
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EVALUATION
- What are chemicals?
- Mention five hazardous chemicals you know
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GENERAL EVALUATION
- What are chemicals?
- Mention five hazardous chemicals you know
- What are chemicals?
- Mention five examples of agrochemicals
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WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
- -----------refers to the broad range of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides. A. Agrichemical B. Animals business C. Perochemicals D. None
- Drug is classified on the basis of their --------- A. origin B. domain C. systemic D. potency
- Drug derived from microbial origin are ---------A. antibiotics B. biotics C. hormones D. enzymes.
- Industries that use chemical to production of goods are called ----------based industries A. chemical B. salt C. sub chemical D. agro allied
- Radioactive means any material having a specific activity greater than ------- Becquerel (Bq) per gram � A. 70 � B. 80 � C. 60 � D. 90
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THEORY
- What are chemicals?
- Mention five examples of agrochemicals
