Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

FOOD NUTRIENTS

SUBJECT:  HOME ECONOMICS      

CLASS:  JSS2

DATE:

TERM: 3RD TERM

REFERENCE BOOKS

  • HOME ECONOMICS NEW CONCEPT BOOK 2 BY POPOOLA O.O.
  • HOME ECONOMICS FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1-3 BY ELIZABETHU. ANYAKOHA.

 

 

WEEKTWO

TOPIC: FOOD NUTRIENTS

CONTENT

  • Definitionof Food
  • Food Groups
  • Balanced Diets

 

FOOD

Food is any edible substance liquid or solid which when eaten and digested provides the body with nourishment, energy, enhances growth and regulates the body processes. It maintains life.

 

NUTRIENTS

These are the chemical substances in the food we eat. Different foods contain different types of food nutrients.

 

These are carbohydrates, fats and oil, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.

 

NUTRITION

It refers to the way the body uses the food we eat. It is the scientific study of the food we eat and how it nourishes the body.

 

EVALUATION

  1.   Define the word ‘food’.
  2.   List all the nutrients present in foods.

 

FOOD NUTRIENTS, FUNCTIONS, SOURCES AND DEFICIENCY DISEASES

FOOD      NUTRIENTS

FUNCTIONS

SOURCES

DEFICIENCY DISEASES


Carbohydrates

a)  It provides the body with energy for work.

b)  Surplus is stored as body fat.

Yam, cassava, rice, maize, bread, sugar, potatoes, etc.

a)  Lack of energy

b)  Tiredness

Fats and oils

a)  It provides the body with heat and energy.

b)  Surplus is stored as body fat.

Margarine, butter, palm oil, groundnut oil, oily meat and fish

Skin may become rough

Proteins

a)  For growth e.g. in children, adolescents and babies.

b)  For building new tissues

c)  For repair of worn out or damaged tissue

Meat, fish, eggs, milk, soya bean, peas, beans, etc.

a)  Poor growth and development.

b)  General weakness.

c)  Kwashiorkor in children.

Mineralse.g. calcium, iron, iodine, phosphorus, etc.

a)  For growth e.g. the bones and teeth.

b)  For proper working or functioning of the body.

Milk, eggs, green vegetables, meat, liver, beans, sea food, etc.

Poor functioning of the body e.g. weak bones and teeth, tiredness, headache, etc.

Vitamins e.g. vit. A, vit. B-complex, vit. D, etc.

a) They protect the body from diseases.

b)Help the body use food for energy, growth and repair.

c)  Important for vitality.

Fruits, vegetables egg, yolk, milk, meat, butter, fish, kidney, beans, cod-liver oil etc.

a)  Body will be easily affected by diseases.

b)  Weakness and loss of appetite.

Water

a)  It helps digestion.

b)  Important for body tissue and fluids such as saliva, urine, sweat, etc.

c)  It also helps to eliminate waste from the body.

Fruits, drinkable water, beverages, fruits and vegetables.

a)  Normal digestion will be affected.

b)  Body will be dehydrated.

 

EVALUATION

  1.   Define nutrition.
  2.   State three importance of water in the body.

 

FOOD GROUPS

Foods can be grouped according to the nutrients they contain and the functions they perform in the body. They are generally grouped into three which are:

  1.   Body Building Foods – These are proteins and they include meat, fish, eggs, milk, beans, etc.
  2.   Energy Giving Foods – These are carbohydrates and fats.   Proteins can supply energy but not as much as carbohydrates and fats.  Examples of energy food are starchy foods such as yam, potatoes, cassava, bread, rice, palm oil, etc.
  3.   Protective Foods -These protect the body from diseases.  They are vitamins and mineral sources include vegetable and fruits.

 

Roughage – This is an important food item.  It is indigestible part of foods such as cellulose.

Roughages have the following uses:

  • It increases the bulk of food.
  • It helps digestion and bowel movement.
  • It therefore helps to prevent constipation.

 

EVALUATION

  1. List the food groups with the nutrient(s) under each group.
  2. State two functions of roughages in the body.

 

BALANCED DIET

A balanced diet is a meal that contains all the six classes of food nutrients in the right proportion.  Different groups of people e.g. children, adolescents, pregnant mothers, invalids, the aged, vegetarian, have different nutritional needs.

 

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

  1.   State any three uses of food in the body.
  2.   List ten foods commonly eaten in your community. Group them according to their nutrients.
  3.   What is balance diet?
  4.   State two important of roughages in body.
  5.   State five good feeding habits/ table manners.

 

READING ASSIGNMENT

Food Nutrients:  Home Economics for JSS 1-3 by Anyakoha. Pages 164-166

Home Economics New Concept book 2 by Popoola O.O. Pages118-120

 

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

  1.   Which of the following supply the food with fat and energy?A.  Carbohydrate and calcium
  2. Carbohydrate and fat C.  Mineral and fats D.  Oils and vitamins
  3.   Surplus carbohydrates in the body is stored as body ____ A.fatB. proteinC.starch D.weight
  4.   One of the following helps in digestion and bowel movement. A. StarchB. Protein C. Roughage

D.Vitamin

  1.   Which of the following is not a body builder?A. Soya beans B.MeatsC. MilkD.Cassava
  2.   The field of study that deals with food we eat and how it nourishes the body is ____A.nutrients
  3. food technology C. foods and nutrition D. food engineering

 

THEORY

  1.   Define the following: a) Foods b) Nutrients c) Nutrition
  2.   List all the nutrients and state their functions.


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