Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

SUBJECT: HOME ECONOMICS

CLASS:  JSS 2

DATE:

TERM: 3rd TERM

REFERENCE BOOKS

• HOME ECONOMICS NEW CONCEPT BOOK 2 BY POPOOLA O.O.
• HOME ECONOMICS FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1-3 BY ELIZABETHU. ANYAKOHA.

 
WEEK ONE

TOPIC: RESOURCES AND DECISION MAKING

CONTENT

• Family needs and Resources
• Meaning and Steps in Decision Making

Factors that influence Decision making

Simple Personal Decisions

FAMILY NEEDS

Family needs are things that are essential, that is, very important for a particular family. The family members have physical, emotional, mental and social needs.

Types of needs

1.   Basic/Primary needs: These are very important things which the family cannot do without. They are those things which every family must have for survival.

The primary needs include:

a)Food: Provision of good quality food is important for good health and survival.

b)Shelter/Housing: Every family requires a good shelter for protection.

c)Clothing: Every family member requires good basic clothing for protection.

1. d)  Health care: It is important that every member of the family should be healthy. Therefore,

every family must provide the health care required.

2.   Secondary needs/Wants: These are things the family desires but not as important as the primary needs. The family can therefore exist without the secondary needs. The secondary needs of a family depend on the socio-economic status of the family.

The secondary needs include car, pocket money, recreation, extra clothing, etc.

EVALUATION

1.   What are family needs?
2.   List the types of needs with examples.

FAMILY RESOURCES

Resources are those things which the family can use to meet their needs and reach their goals. There are different types of resources.

CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES

1.   HUMAN RESOURCES:  These are resources which exist within an individual. They are personal qualities of an individual and are differ from individual to another. They include:

-  Knowledge

-  Skills

-  Imagination

-  Energy

-  Time

2.   MATERIAL/NON-HUMAN RESOURCES:  These are resources which exist outside the family but can be controlled, owned or used by the family. They are things which the family use and control to achieve their goals.

The two types of material resources are:

1. a)   Money: It is used to buy items needed by the family, e.g. house, car, clothing, etc.  Money is used to measure the value of family goods. It must be spent wisely.
2. b)  Possessions: These are the things or items owned by the family, which they can use to attain some goals. Family possessions can be grouped into:

-  Those possessions that last a long time and are not used up readily. They are durable, e.g. furniture, cars, houses, etc.

-  Those possessions that are used up quickly e.g. clothes, food, etc.

EVALUATION

1.   What are family resources?
2.   Mention the two types of resources with examples.

Other resources available to the family are:

• Community resources:  Every community has people, facilities, institutions and organizations. These

Help families to improve their skills, solve their problems, enjoy life, etc.

• Natural resources:  These are air, water, plants, animals and minerals. They are found in our surroundings and can be used to meet family’ needs.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESOURCES

1.   UTILITY:  This means that resources have value or worth. They are useful and can be used to produce goods and services.
2.   ACCESSIBILITY:  The resources must be of easy reach or easy to obtain every time to achieve set goals.
3.   MANAGEABILITY:  This means resources can be controlled for the purpose of achieving goals.
4.   INTERCHANGEABILITY:  A resource is interchangeable when it can be substituted with another resource in order to reach set goals.

EVALUATION

1.   Mention two other types of resources available to a family.
2.   List and explain three characteristics of resources.

DECISION MAKING

Decision making is the act of making choices. It is the process of a choice from alternative courses of action or things. It is the ability to make up one’s mind as regard a particular issue or issues.Decision-making comes to action only when there are two or more things to choose from.

IMPORTANCE OF DECISION MAKING

1.   It helps to minimise mistakes.
2.   It assists us in taking responsibility for our actions.
3.   It helps us to identify our values and stand by it.
4.   It helps us to know more about ourselves and others.
5.   Decision making also helps us to build self- esteem.

STEPS IN DECISION MAKING

1.Identify the decisions to be made:It includes defining the situation or problem that requires a decision. Know what, where and how to solve the problem at hand.

2.   List the alternatives: Alternatives are different ways of doing a thing. List the alternatives means making a list of possible alternatives and getting information on all the alternatives.
3.   Choose the best alternative: This involves making the best choice from all the alternatives that will be able to meet your need(s). To do this, you have to think about your values, goals, wants, money available and needs.
4.   Act on your decision:Carry out your decision to the best of your ability. This means going to buy or do want you have decided.
5.   Evaluate your decision:This means judging the quality of the decision made or how well it worked for you. Sometimes, if the outcome of a decision is not what you expected, or hope for, you make have to make a new decision.

EVALUATION

1.   Define the meaning of “Decision Making”.
2.   List and explain thefive steps in decision making.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DECISION MAKING

1.   Family: Family members are usually willing and eager to help other members, especially teenagers to make good decisions.
2.   Resources: The human and material resources available will influence ones decision e.g. time, money, knowledge, etc.
3.   Friends: Friends have strong influence on each other and can influence each other in decision 

making.

4.   Needs and wants: The needs and wants of the family will influence their decision. The needs will be considered before the wants.
5.   Values: The decisions you make are always based on what you consider important. For example, your value will determine whether you watch a movie or study your books at night.
6.   Goals: Goals are what you aim to achieve over a period of time. One should be sure that the decision taking fits into one’s plan and is suitable to help in achieving one’s set goals in future.

SIMPLE PERSONAL DECISIONS

Some areas where decisions are made include:

FOOD-RELATED DECISION:This has to do with what to eat,how to eat,when to eat, etc.

CLOTHING-RELATED DECISION:What to wear,how to wear it,with what do I wearit with.

HOUSING-RELATED DECISION:  This includes the type of house to build or buy, the types of household articles to buy, etc.

FRIENDS-RELATED DECISION:It has to do with choosing friends to move or associate with.

EDUCATIONAL DECISIONS: It would include which school to attend, books to read,careers to pursue, etc.

As a student,some personal decisions include:

• Buying of text books.
• Changing one’s dresses and shoes.
• Choosing the right time to read, play and visit friends.
• Choosing a course of study and a career.

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1.   Explain the term “decision making”
2.   List the steps in decision making.
3.   Differentiate between needs and wants.
4.   List and explain types of resources.
5.   List and explain the types of family we have.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Decision making: Home Economics New Concepts book 1 by Popoola O.O. Pages 79-86.

Home Economics for JSS 1-3 by Anyakoha. Pages 82-89

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1.   The process of choosing among alternative is called ____ A. actionsB. decision making 
2. alternatingD. action taking
3.   As a student, ____ is one of your personal decisions. A. housingB. buying of text bookC. feeding the family D. paying school fee
4.   Basic needs are important for ____ A.  survival B.  relaxation C.  show D.  recreation
5.   _____ are used for meeting family needs. A. Standards B. GoalsC. Resources D. Tools
6.   Decision making helps us to identify our ____ A. weaknesses B. worth C. friends D.values

THEORY

1.   List and explain three characteristics of resources.
2.   List an explain two factors that can influence decision making.