Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

Name of disease

Causal organism (agent)

Animal affected

Symptoms

Mode of transmission

Body area affected

Effects

Treatments

Prevention on and control measures

Foot and mouth

Virus

Cattle

i.  High fever

ii.  Loss of appetite

iii.  Blisters or sores on the muzzle (lips), tongue, cheek, udder and feet

iv.  Weakness and lameness

v.  Excessive salivation and foaming

By contact with infected animals, contaminated feed.

Legs

Serious loss of animals (death)

No effective treatment

i.     Vaccination to prevent the disease

ii.     Isolation of diseased animals

iii.     Slaughter and bury infected animals

Rinderpest or cattle plague

Virus

Cattle can also affect sheep, goat and pigs

  i.  High fever (rise in temperature

ii.  Loss of appetite

iii.  Blood stained diarrhea

iv.  Difficulty in breathing

v.  Grinding

  i.  Eating contaminated food.

ii.  Contact with infected animals

Entire body

High rate of animals

No treatment

i.  Vaccination to prevent the disease

ii.  Isolation of infected animals

iii.  Quarantine

iv.  Kill and bury diseased animals

Name of disease

Causal organism (agent)

Animal affected

Symptoms

Mode of transmission

Body area affected

Effects

Treatments

Prevention on and control measures

Anthrax

Bacteria

Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goat)

i.     High fever

ii.     Convulsion

iii.     Increased breathing rate

iv.     Black or blood stained discharge from mouth, eyes, nostrils etc.

v.     Sudden death

vi.     Welling out of neck, abdomen after death

Contact with infected animals and their products

Whole body

Sudden death of animals (sometimes without symptoms

If symptoms are noticed early, treat with antibiotics.

i.  Vaccination

ii.     Isolation and slaughter of diseased animals should be burnt and buried.

Brucellosis (contagious bovide abortion

Bacteria

Cattle pigs

  i.   Inflammation of uterus and mammary glands

ii.  Abortion or pregnancy at 5^th – 7^th month as still birth

iii.  Retention of after birth

i.     Direct contact with:

-  Infected after birth

-  Foetal fluid or aborted fetuses

-  Coition with infected bull.

-  Contaminated feed or pasture

Foetus (pregnancy)

i.  Loss of foetus

ii.  Low rate of production

iii.  It is zoonotic (i.e. it can affect human beings).

No effective treatment

i.   Vaccination

ii.  Report any occurrent to veterinary doctor

Trypano somiasis (nagana)

Protozoa (trypanosoms)

Cattle

i.     Severe anaemia

ii.   Intermittent fever

iii.   General weakness

iv.   Hairs on tail often pull-out

v.   Staggering

vi.   Death

By tse-tse fly

The brain

i.  Drop in the level of production

ii.  Death of animals

Use drugs such as Babesin, Bayer 2005 etc.

i.     Use insecticide to kill vectors (tse-tse fly)

ii.   Good sanitation such as cleaning and burning of bush.

Bloat

Nutritional disorder

Ruminants (cattle, goat, sheep and rabbit)

  i.  Diarrhea

ii.     Prof use salivation

iii.     Swollen stomach

iv.     Vomiting

v.     Difficulty in breath

vi.     Death

Feeding on immature pasture

Stomach

Swollen stomach and digestive tract

i.  Use defoaming agents such as groundnut

ii.  Pass a large tube into stomach to remove obstacle causing obstruct

i.     Do not graze animals on immature pasture

ii.     Feed high protein supplements or feeds.

Name of disease

Causal organism (agent)

Animal affected

Symptoms

Mode of transmission

Body area affected

Effects

Treatments

Prevention on and control measures

Mastitis

Bacteria

Ruminants may affect pigs

i.         Swollen under

ii.     High temperature

iii.     Discharge of pus from the udder

iv.     Yellowish smelling milk

Through injury especially on the teat

Udder

Drop in milk yield

Injection of antibiotics

Massaging the mammary gland after injection

i.     Good sanitation

ii.     Clean milking practice to avoided injury

iii.     Keeping the udder dry

Krchi (cowpox or streptothricosis

Bacteria

Ruminatns and igs

i.     High lesion

ii.  Irritation

iii.  Loss of hair

iv.  Swollen udder

-  Direct contact with infected animals

Skin

i.       Poor production of hair and milk

Treatment of wounds with tetracy cline capsules

i.     Regular bathing

ii.  Disinfect and feeding and milking equipment

iii.  Vaccination on slaughter and bury infected animals

Swine fever

Virus

Pigs

i.     High temperature

ii.   Lost of appetite

iii.   Diarrohoea

iv.   Bluish discoloration at the ears, legs and snouth

Contact with infected pig

Whole body

Death of animals

No successful treatment, no available vaccine

New castle disease (fowl plague)

Virus

Poulty

  i.   Sudden death without symptoms

ii.   Breathing difficulty

iii.   Loss of weight

iv.   Watery greenish diarrhea

v.   Diarrhea

vi.   Circling movement

i.        Air borne spread

ii.   Contaminated vaccine and equipement

iii.   Infected birds

i.     Nervous system

ii.      Respiratory tract

Loss of poultry birds

No effective treatment

i.     Quarantine

ii.     Vaccination

iii.     Sanitation

Name of disease

Causal organism (agent)

Animal affected

Symptoms

Mode of transmission

Body area affected

Effects

Treatments

Prevention on and control measures

Fowl pox

Virus

Poultry

i.   Blisters on comble, wattle and feed

ii.     Loss of weight

iii.     Reduced egg production

Bitting insects

Comb

Light weight poultry birds

Low e.g. production

Use of antibiotics

iv.     Vaccination on and sanitation

v.     Culling of diseased birds

Coccidiosis

Protozoa

Poultry, rabbits

i.     Blood stained dropping or feaces

ii.     Loss of weight

iii.     Diarrhoea

iv.     Ruffle feathers

Feeding of infected feed, water and infected feaces

Digest ice tract

i.      Reduced egg production

ii.  Death of animal

Use of sulphur drugs

i.   Good sanitation

ii.  Use of coccidiotic tablets

iii.  Disinfect poultry houses before stocking

Chronic respiratory disorder (CRD)

Myuco plasma (virus like microbe)

Poultry

    i.   Nasal discharge

ii.   Swollen face

iii.   Breathing difficultry

iv.   Loss of weight

Breathing in of virus from contaminated feed, water or urine and

Air sac

iii.  Loss of birds

Use of antibiotics

i.      Sanitation

ii.     Good ventilation

iii.     Avoid use of dust litter

Mange

Lice

Rabbit

Loss o hair

iii.      Skin

Dusting with chemical

i.     Dust with powder

ii.     Good sanitation