Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

TERM: 2ND TERM

SUBJECT: ENGLISH LANGUAGE

CLASS: JSS 2

REFERENCES

1. Effective English JSS2 by Evans
2. Exam Focus for JSCE by BolajiAremo
3. The New Students’ Companion by Chris Talbot
4. English Grammar for JSS by P.O Olatunbosun
5. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

WEEK THREE

TOPIC:

• Speech Work: Word Stress

• Grammar: Adverbial – Manner, Time and Place

• Comprehension/Summary; Unit 8 P.124

• Writing – Argumentative

Speech Work

Content: Word Stress

Stress is the quality or degree with which one pronounces a sound or a syllable. It is the force with which a sound is pronounced.

A stress syllable is indicated by placing a stroke at the beginning of the syllable or written in capital letters. A stressed vowel is one that is said with more energy, is louder and more prominent.

    Examples

    BEtter            GARden

    HOTly        STRONGly

    SEcond        MAnner

    WANted        COMfort

    PAtience

However, a louder or higher tone does not always guarantee a stronger stressed syllable. By contrast, unstressed vowels are weak and not loud and sometimes not clearly heard.

Some Rules of Stress

1. Monosyllables are not stressed.

Examples: buy, hawk, tone, eat etc.

1. Disyllabic words, that is, words with two syllables are mostly stressed on the first syllables when they are nouns and stressed on the second syllable when they are verbs. Though, there is an exception when a stressed syllable in a di – syllabic word is weak, the stress falls or shifts to the next syllable.

Nouns            Verbs

CONtract        conTRACT

OBject            obJECT

CONtest        conTEST

REfuse            reFUSE

PROject        proJECT

SUBject        subJECT

REcord        reCORD

PREsent        preSENT

Other nouns are: BIScuit, BIble, PoLICE, POlish, poLITE(adj), MOney, MONkey etc.

1. The suffix ‘ion’ added to some words takes a stress on the preceding syllables i.e the syllable immediately before ‘ion’ as in: proMOtion, oCCAsion, persSUAsion, circuLAtion, calcuLAtion.
2. Syllables with central vowel /ә/ or schwa are stressed. E.g: aBOUT, TEAcher, FAther, BUtter, PASture etc.
3. Syllables that end with syllabic /l,m,n/ are not stressed. E.g: LIttle, BUtton, COtton, ABle, enJOY, CAstle, SUckle.
4. Polysyllabic words that end with these suffixes “-ic, -ian, -ial, -sive” are stressed on the penultimate syllable i.e, second to the last syllable. E.g: draMAtic, speCIfic, imPREssive, coLOnial.
5. If the words end with these suffixes “-ate, -ity, -iate, -ise, -fy”, stress the third syllable counting from the last syllable. cerTIficate, capTIvity, FORtunate, EXercise.
6. Most words ending with these suffixes “-sim, -ive, -ure, -ry, -ize” in four syllable words are stressed on the 4th syllable from the end. Capitalism, comfortable, profitable, legislative, agriculture, personalise, nationalize.
7. Words ending with these suffixes (-ogy, -phy, -cal, -ant, -ment) are stressed on 3rd syllable from the end.

EVALUATION: Stress the following words: delicate, commission, distinction, fortunate, understand, delirium, presently, dramatic, refugee, strategic, occasion.

READING ASSIGNMENT:

Grammar: Adverbial

Content: Adverbials of Manner

An adverb is a word or a group of words that describes either the verb, or the whole sentence. They tell us about how something is done, when or how often it is done, where it is done, etc. An adverbial that is just one word is usually called an adverb. An adverbial made up of several words is an adverbial phrase.

Adverbials have different kinds of meanings. An adverbial of manner describes the manner or way an action is performed. Adverbs of manner often end in –ly for example: 

1. The people waited impatiently. 
2. He shouted angrily.
3. They shouted slowly.

EVALUATION: Choose adverbs from the box to complete the sentences which follow:

Note: Well is the adverb form of good.

1. Dieng waited ___________ in the queue.
2. The typewriter eyed Dieng ______________.
3. The fat woman ___________ left the Post Office.
4. The children ___________ waited for their supper.
5. The clerk ___________ refused to accept it.
6. My sister dresses ______________.

Adverbial of time and place

Adverbial of time and place answer the questions when? and where? E.g.

1. When did she arrive?
2. She arrived at twelve 
3. Where did they go?
4. They went to Kano. 

When all three types of adverbial occur in the same sentence, thy normally go in this order 

                Manner        Place        Time

She arrived            safely            in Jos        at two.

He walked             slowly            to school    yesterday.

EVALUATION: Make up 5 similar sentences.

Comprehension: Unit 8

Content: To read, enjoy and act a scene from a play.

In this scene, the mother of agirl is asked if she will agree to let Henry Ajai marry her daughter. The asking has to be done in the tradition manner, and there has already been a long exchange ofgreeting and polite enquiries, crops and cattle.

EVALUATION: P.125 Practice. 2 (1-8) Effective English JSS 2.

Writing: Argumentative Essay

Content: Indiscipline among secondary schools students. Who should be responsible, parents or teachers? An argumentative essay is very much like a debate where two opposing views of the same issues are presented and defended as rigorously as possible. It is a controversial writing that suggests the bringing forth of facts to support or refute an argument. It involves ordered reasoning and is a process of organizing and stating objectively the fact and reasoning surrounding a particular stance or point of view. 

EVALUATION: Write in support or against this proposition, Indiscipline among secondary school students: who should be responsible parents or teachers?

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the bracket.

1. The man in dark glasses is behaving very _____ (suspicious).
2. The dog attacked the thief _____ (ferocious).
3. The accident victim was bleeding ______ (profuse).
4. My brother drives very ______ (reckless).
5. The little girl trembled ______ when she saw the huge dog (fear). 

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Choose the best options

1. They gave my friend and ____________ the money.    A. me   B. I    C. we
2. Twenty years ___________ not enough for one to prepare for life.   A. was    B. is    C. should not be
3. He was treated __________ a delicious meal at the party.  A. with    B. to    C. for  
4. I saw Bunmi, Shola and Ngozi when they were going to school ___________.  A. Weren’t they?    B. didn’t I?   C. were they 
5. The principal, as well as two of his staff ____________ travelling tonight.   A. are   B. is    C. were

THEORY

Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the verbs in the brackets.

1. The boy ____________ the gates for the car to come in every morning (open)
2. My friends will ___________ this evening (travel)
3. My younger brother is ____________ an interview next week  (attend)
4. Mrs. Ajayi ______________ up at 5:50am every Sunday (wake)
5. We are not __________ to make a noise in the class  (allow)