ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS (ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION)
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS: JSS 2
DATE:
TERM: 1st TERM
WEEK NINE
TOPIC: ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS (ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION)
- Equivalent Fractions
- Addition and Subtraction of algebraic fraction
- Fractions with brackets
Equivalent Fraction
Equivalent fractions can be made by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same quantity.
For Example:
Multiplication
3 = 3 x 2b - 6b
d d x 2b 2bd
Division.
4x = 4x ÷ 2 = 2x
6y ÷ 2 3y
Complete the boxes in the following :
(a) 3a = (b) 5ab =
2 10 12a 12
Solution>
3a =
Compare the two denomination
2 x 5 = 10
The denominator of the first has been multiplied by 5. The numerator must also be multiplied by 5.
3a x 3a x 5 = 15a
2 2 x 5 a0
(b) 5ab =
12a 12
The denominator of the first has been divided by a. Therefore, divide the numerator by a .
5ab = 5ab ÷ a = 5b
12a 12a ÷a 12.
Evaluation
5 15
6ak
3.
= 3x
8yz sy.
Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions
Algebraic fraction must have common denominator before they can be added or subtracted
Example:
2a 2a a u v 4c 3d
Solution
(a) 5 + 7 = 5+7 = 12÷2 = 6
2a 2a 2a 2a ÷2 a
(b) 4 + b = 4 + b
a a 1
The L.C. M of a and 1 is a
4 + b = a x b = 4 + ab
a 1 a a a
= 4 + ab
a
(c) 1 + 1
u v
The L. C. M of u and v uuv
1 + 1 = 1 x v + 1 x u 1 x v + 1 x u
u v uv uv uv.
= v + v = u + v
uv uv uv.
(d) 5 - 4
4c 3d.
The L. C. M. of 4c and 3d is 12cd
5 - 4 = 5 x 3d - 4 x 4c
4c 3d 12cd 12cd
= 15d - 16c
12cd 12cd
= 15d - 16c
12cd.
Evaluation
Simplify the following :
(a) 4 - 1 (b) 5 - 2 ( c ) 2b + 3
3a 3a 4a 3b 4.
Fraction with brackets
Examples
Simplify.
(a) x + 3 + 4x – 2
5 5
(b) 7a – 3 - 3a + 5
6 4.
Solution
(a) x + 3 + 4x – 2 = ( x + 3 ) + ( 4x – 2 )
5 5 5
= x + 3 + 4x – 2
5
= 5x + 1
5
(b) 7a – 3 - 3a + 5
6 4
The L. C. M of 6 and 4 is 12
7a -3 - 3a + 5 = 2 (7a – 3) - 3 ( 3a + 5 )
6 4 2 x 6 3 x 4
removing = 2 (7a – 3) - 3 ( 3a + 5)
= 14 a – 6 - 9a – 15
12.
collecting the like terms = 5a – 21
12
EVALUATION
Simplify the following
(a) 2a – 3 + a + 4
2 2
( b) 3x – 2d + 2c – 3d
( c ) 2a + 3b + a – 4b
a 6.
READING ASSIGNMENT
New General Mathematics pg 100-101 Ex. 11g 1 & 2 pg 101.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
12a 4
x y xy xy xy xy
a ?
a a a 3 18 a
5 7 + 9 ( a ) y (b) 8y ( c ) y (d ) 2
8y 8y 2 3 8 y.
THEORY
4a 3b.
7 6.
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