Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

SUBJECT: CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS

CLASS:  JSS 2

DATE:

TERM: 1st TERM

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS

1. Cultural and Creative Art (New Edition) by Peter Akinyemi& Co-Authors. (Book 1)
2. Cultural and Creative Art (New Edition) by Peter Akinyemi& Co-Authors. (Book 2)
3. Cultural and Creative Art (New Edition) by Peter Akinyemi& Co-Authors. (Book 3)

1ST TERM PROJECTS

1. Construct a typical stage environment using real materials.
2. Produce a colour wheel showing the primary, secondary and tertiary colours.
3. Paint a composition of fruits depicting their local colours.

 
WEEK NINE

TOPIC: HISTORY OF MUSIC

SUB-TOPICS

1. Musical Textures: Monophony and polyphony 
2. Periods of Music Development: Baroque period ,classical period, romantic period ,modern period
3. Forms of Music: Binary, unitary, ternary, rondo etc.

MUSICAL TEXTURES

• MONOPHONY:In music,monophony is the simplest of musical textures, consisting of a melody or tune typically sung by a single singer or played by a single singer. For example, a flute player without accompanying harmony or chords .Many folk songs and traditional songs are monophonic.

• POLYPHONY:In music, polyphony is one type of musical texture where a texture is generally speaking the way melodic rhythmic and harmonic aspects of a musical composition are combined to shape the overall sound and quality of the work.In particular, polyphony consists of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with one voice(monophony or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords, which is called homophony.

PERIODS OF MUSIC DEVELOPMENT

• BAROQUE ERA (1600AD-1750AD): Baroque music is the style of western art music.The harpsichord, a keyboard instrument in which pressing the keys caused a quill to pluck the strings, was an improvement Baroque era instrument which was used both in accompaniment and solo roles. A double- manual (two keyboard)harpsichord after Claude Goujon(1749).

• CLASSICAL ERA (1750AD-1820AD): Classical music is the art music produced or rooted in traditions of western music including both liturgical (religious), social aspects and so on.

• ROMANTIC ERA: This is an era of western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century.It was related to Romanticism, the European artistic and literary movement that arose in the second half of the 18th century,and Romantic music in particular dominated the Romantic Movement in Germany.In the Romantic period, music became more expressive and emotional, expanding to encompass literary, artistic and philosophical themes.Famous early Romantic composers include- Schumann,Chopin, Mendelssohn,Bellini, and Berlioz.

• MODERN ERA: This is the period of change and development in musical language that occurred around the turn of the 20thcentury,a period of diverse reactions and reinterpreting older categories of music,innovations that led to new ways of organizing and approaching harmonic,melodic, sonic and rhythmic aspects of music and changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of modernism in the arts of the time.

EVALUATION

1. State the kind of music that developed during the romantic era.
2. Discuss briefly onthe music texture ‘monophony’.

FORMS OF MUSIC

1. BINARYFORM:It is a two part form. It is a musical form comprising two related sections whose parts are repeated. A basic musical form having two closely related sections.  It follows a pattern of A //B//.

2. TERNARYFORM:It is also called song form. It is a three part musical form where the first section (A) is repeated after the second section (B) ends. It is usually schematized A-B-A. An example is the Da Capo Aria; The Trumpet shall sound from Handel’s Messiah.

3. RONDO FORM: It is a musical form with recurring leading theme often found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto.

4. UNITARYFORM:This is one unrepeated section of a piece of music. The notes that make up a tune in unitary form of music are not repeated in another section. The word unitary means songs that were not changed in tune.It flows continuously.

EVALUATION

1. List the forms of music.
2. Discuss binary form of music.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is the duty of the costumier?
2. Describe the audience in drama and theatre.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Cultural and Creative Art (New Edition) by Peter Akinyemi& Co-Authors. (Book 2)

REFERENCE PAGE –Visit the internet.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ……………..….refers to one voice or line.(a) Monophonic  (b) Polyphonic  (c)Rondo  (d) Homophonic
2. A form of music with many voices is called ……….(a) monophonic  (b) polyphonic (c) rondo  (d) homophonic
3. …….….refers to two notes that are played at the same time thereby moving in the same rhythm. (a) Timbre  (b) Intensity  (c) Chord  (d) Pitch
4. …………….…refers to a melody with simple accompaniment. (a) Monophonic (b)Polyphonic  (c) Homophonic  (d) Rondo
5. A piece of music in the binary form comprises of ………..………….sections or parts. (a) three (b) two  (c)  four  (d)  five

THEORY

1. How many parts make up a piece of music in the ternary form?
2. What period did the baroque period in the history of musicbegan and ended?