Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

USES OF MATERIALS

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FIRST TERM

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

CLASS: JSS 2

REFERENCE MATERIALS

  1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 
  2. NERDC, Basic Technology for JSS, Book 2

 

WEEK THREE

TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS

CONTENT 

  • Uses of Wood
  • Uses of Metal

 

USES OF WOOD

Wood is used today in the following industries and processes:

  1. HOUSING: Wood is used for home furniture such as doors, window and roofing.
  2. INDUSTRIAL BUILDING: Many industries are constructed using wood.
  3. JOINERY: Wood is used for making staircase in our buildings today.
  4. PACKAGING: Packaging technologist cannot do without wood for making crates, pallet, and packaging electronics equipment.
  5. FURNITURES: Chairs, bed, ward robes, table, book cases etc 
  6. TRANSPORT: Railway, train wagons, lorry-body.
  7. BRIDGES AND POLES: Most farm bridges and bridges across the roads in villages are made with wood. Some electric poles and railway sleepers are made of wood.
  8. PULP AND PAPER: Exercise book, textbooks, magazines etc are made from pulp and paper derived from wood.
  9. MEDICINE: People who have their arms and legs amputated (cut off), such are usually replaced by artificial limbs made from wood.
  10. CLOTHING: Most heels and some soles shoes are made from wood. The rayon stocking.
  11. TOOL MAKING: Handles for hammer, pick axes, felling axes, screw drivers and many other tools are made from wood.

 

EVALUATION

      1. Mention five industries using wood and state the processes they are used for.
      2. State the processes they are used for in (1) above.

 

USES OF WOOD

S/N

SOFTWOOD

USES

1

Cedar

In the building industry for roofing and garages, doors and partitions.

2

Pine 

Railway sleepers, heavy gate posts, decorative panel stairways. Pattern making joinery. 

3

Spruce 

Aircraft industry, ship masts, interior joinery, ladders, packing cases. 

 

S/N

HARDWOOD

USES

1

Afromosia

Ship building, good quality furniture.

2

Agba

Joinery and furniture. 

3

Balsa 

Model making, life rafts life belts. Insulation (noise or heat).

4

Beech 

Furniture mallets, kitchen utensils e.g. bread boards, rolling pins.

5

Ekki 

Pier piles, dock, gates, bridge building. 

6

Iroko 

Joinery

7

Mahogamy 

Cabinet making, ship building, panelled, carving, wood turnery. veneers 

8

Oak

Furniture making , boat building , veneer, plywood

9

Obeche 

Interior joinery, furniture, model making.  

10     

Teak 

Ship building , furniture, laboratory benches, veneers

 

EVALUATION

  1. Describe the purposes for which the following woods are used :(a) mahogany (b) oak (c) balsa.
  2. Mention three soft wood and their uses.

 

USES OF FERROUS METALS


NAME

MELTING POINT

COMPOSITION

PROPERTIES

USES

Cast iron

1240

Mixture of carbon and iron carbon content is between 1.5-5%

Vary with carbon content. Brittle with hard skin

Suitable for moving parts of machinery because of the ability of one piece to slide on another due to carbon content.

Wrought Iron

2000

99% iron with small amount of impunities

Malleable and ductile. Elastic can be shaped easily when red hot (forged)

Engine blocks haulage gear, vices, crane, hooks and chains

High carbon steel (Tool steel, cast steel)

Varies

99% iron with small amounts of impunities. The carbon content is between 0.1-0.5%

Malleable and ductile. Elastic. Not very hard. Can be shaped easily when red hot(forged)

Haulage gear, crane hooks and chains, anchor chains, general constructional work, nuts, bolts, screws, non-cutting tool, steel sheets.

Low carbon steel (mild steel)

Varies

Mixture of carbon and steel

Forges and machines well

All kinds of cutting tools. Steel sheets

 

USES OF NON-FERROUS METALS

ALUMINUM 

It is used for making aircraft, electrical cables, and aluminium, foil, engine parts tubes boxes, kitchen and cooking utensils.

ZINC 

It is used for making roofing sheets containers, galvanizing and protective, cooling on sheet, sheet and base for many alloys (e.g. brass).

TIN 

It is used as base for many alloys e.g. bronze, protective coating on copper wire and tin plate sheets.

COPPER

It is used in making many copper alloys, soldering bits, decorative                                        purposes, wire, electrical point, boiler tubes, rivets, boxes, bowland pipes.

LEAD

It is used for making battery elements, water piping base for many alloys and sheeting for roofing.

                                                

EVALUATION

  1. Mention three uses each of the following non-ferrous metals. (a) zinc (b)aluminium.
  2. State three ferrous metals and their uses

 

USES OF ALLOYS OF NON-FERROUS METALS

    1. DURALUMIN: It is made of 95% aluminium, 4%copper and 1% manganese. It is used to build aircraft bodies, door and window frames, vehicle parts etc.
    2. BRASS: It is made of 35%zinc 65% copper. We use brass to make decorative items, ammunition, plumbing fittings, electrical appliances, etc.
    3. BRONZE: It is made of 10% tin and 90% copper. It is used in carving, statues, plaques, ornaments, ship propellers, gears and some machine parts.

 

GENERAL EVALUATION

  1. Differentiate between hard and soft wood
  2. Mention 5 uses of wood

 

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read “USES OF MATERIALS II”

  1. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 63-66
  2. NERDC Basic Technology for JSS Book 2. Page 23-27.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

  1. The following are hard wood except (a) Balsa (b) Beech (c) Spruce (d) Iroko.
  2. The type of hard wood used in making veneer and plywood is called (a) Iroko (b) Oak (c) Teak (d) mahogany.
  3. The type of metal that is suitable for moving parts of machinery is (a) cast Iron (b) wrought iron (c) aluminium (d) low carbon steel.
  4. The temperature at which wrought iron turns liquid is (a)12400C (b) 2000oC (c)1500oC (d) It varies.
  5. Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils because a) it is malleable (b) it is a good conductor of heat (c) It is light (d) it is a good conductor of electricity.     

 

THEORY

  1. Mention five (5) industries that use wood and their processes.
  2. In tabular form state the melting point, composition and uses of the following metal 

(a) Cast iron (b) High carbon steel 

 



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