Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CLASS:  JSS 2

DATE:

TERM: 1st TERM

 
WEEK TWO

TOPIC: WHOLE NUMBERS AND DECIMAL NUMBERS

• Whole Difference between Whole Numbers and Decimal Numbers
• Whole numbers in Standard Form and Decimal Numbers in Standard Form
• Factors, Multiples and Prime Numbers

Difference between Whole Numbers and Decimal Numbers

Whole number is a number without fraction. For example 1, 2, 3, 4…1000, 38888 are examples of whole numbers.71/2 is not a whole number. A decimal number is a fractional number less than 1. It is smaller to a whole number. Examples - 0.1,0.01,0.001etc

Whole Numbers in Standard Form and Decimal Numbers in Standard Form

Whole numbers in standard form are expressed in the form of A x 10n such that A is a number between 1 and 10, n is a whole number.  

Example

Express the following in standard form (a) 200 (b) 4100 (c) 300000

Solution

1. 200 = 2 x 100 = 2x102   
2. 4100 = 4.1 x 1000 = 4.1 x 103 
3. 300000 = 3 x 100000 = 3 x 105

Evaluation

Express the following in standard form (a) 500 (b) 36000 (c) 7200000

Decimal fractions such as 0.00 and 0.000001 can be expressed as powers of 10 e.g. 0.0001 = 1/10000 = 1/104 = 10-4 

Thus, any decimal fraction can be expressed in a standard form e.g. 0.008=8/1000=8/103 =8x1/103=8x10-3

Therefore, the number 8x10-3 is in standard form ax10 and n is a negative integer while A is a number between1 and 10 

Example

Express the following in standard form (a) 0.0023 (b) 0.00034 (c) 0.125

Solution

1. 0.023 = 23/1000 = 2.3/102 = 2.3 x 10-3   
2. 0.00034  34/100000= 3.4/104 = 3.4x 10-4
3. 0.125 = 125/1000 = 1.25/101 = 1.25x10-1

Evaluation

Express the following in standard form (a) 0.0067 (b) 0.00082 (c) 0.012

READING ASSIGNMENT 

New General Mathematics, UBE Edition, chapter 1, pages 27-28

Essential Mathematics by A J S Oluwasanmi, Chapter 1, pages 1-4

FACTORS, MULTIPLES AND PRIME NUMBERS

The factors of a number are the whole numbers that divide the number exactly. For example the factors of 10 are 1, 2 and 5.

A prime number has only two factors, itself and 1. The following are examples of prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,13…. However, 1 is not a prime number. 

A multiple of a whole number is obtained by multiplying it by any whole number.

Example 

1. Write down all the factors of 18. 
2. State which of theses factors are prime numbers 
3. Write the first three multiples of 18
4. Express 18 as a product of its prime factors in index form

Solution:

1. Factors of 18:1, 2,3,6,9 and 18. 
2. Prime numbers of the factors of 18:2 and3 
3. The first three multiples of 18 are 1x18 = 18, 2x18=36, 3x18=54 => 18, 36 and 54.
4. 18 = 2x3x3 = 2 x 32 in index form

Example 2:

1. Write down all the factors of 22. 
2. State which of theses factors are prime numbers 
3. Write the first three multiples of 22

Solution:

1. Factors of 22:1, 2, and 11. 
2. Prime numbers of the factors of 22: 2 and11 
3. The first three multiples of 22 are 1x22 = 22, 2x22=44, 3x22=66 => 22, 44 and 66. 

Evaluation 

1. Write down all the factors  
2. State which of theses factors are prime numbers 
3. Write the first three multiples of each of the following numbers below
4. Express each as a product of its prime factors in index form

1. 12  (2) 30  (3) 39  (4)  48 

READING ASSIGNMENT 

New General Mathematics, UBE Edition, Chapter, 1 pages 13-14

Essential Mathematics by A J S Oluwasanmi, Chapter 1, pages 1-4

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT 

1. Which of these is not a prime number (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 7 ( d)  1
2. Express 360000 in standard form (a) 3.6 x 105 (b) 3.6 x 106 (c) 3.6 x 103 ( d) 3.6 x 104
3. Express 0.000045 in standard form (a) 4.5 x 10-2 (b) 4.5 x 103 (c) 4.5 x 10-5  (d) 4.5 x 10-6
4. Which of these is not a factor of 42 (a) 9 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 2
5. Express 50 is product of its prime factor (a) 2 x 52 (b) 2 x 5 (c) 22 x 52 (d) 2 x 5

THEORY

1. For each number 42,45,48,50 
2. Write down all its factors.
3. State which factors are prime numbers?
4. Express the number as a product of its prime factors.
5. Express the following in standard form (a) 345000 (b) 0.00034 (c) 0.125