Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 1

SUBJECT:  ENGLISH LANGUAGE        

CLASS:  JSS1

DATE:

TERM: 3RD TERM

REFERENCES

1. Effective English Text Book. J.S.S1 . Michael Montgomery et al.
2. Count Down English. Revised Edition. O. Ogunsanwo et al.
3. Creative and Guided Composition for Senior Classes. C.O Odetola

WEEK ONE: REVISION

Identifying Types of Nouns

Identify the nouns in the following sentences

1. No one understands why whales sometimes strand themselves.
2. Since 1989, people in a group called Project Jonah have used an inflatable pontoon to rescue stranded whales and other marine mammals.
3. More than two thousand marine mammals have been helped in recent times.

Identifying Types of Pronouns

Identify the pronouns in the sentences below and state their types.

1. Which of the animals do you think has the worst reputation?
2. I believe the skunk is the animal that most people want to avoid.
3. The skunk can easily protect itself from others.
4. It can spread those nearby with a bad-smelling liquid.
5. This is a repellant that drives away predator.

Identifying Types of Verbs

Identify the verbs in the sentences below and state their types.

1. The Puerto Rican Traveling Theatre performs plays about Hispanic Life in the United States.
2. Over the past twenty years, this group has grown into a famous Hispanic theater group
3. In a way, speakers of both languages enjoy the play.

English Work book No 4 and 6 Pages 39 - 40

GRAMMAR Verb ( Introduction)

CONTENT:Verb

What is a Verb?

A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English.

In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are.

The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express.

Physical Verbs – Definition and Examples

Physical verbs are action verbs. They describe specific physical actions. If you can create a motion with your body or use a tool to complete an action, the word you use to describe it is most likely a physical verb.

Physical Verb Examples

The physical verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

1. Let’s run to the corner and back.
2. I hear the train coming.
3. Call me when you’re finished with class.

Mental Verbs – Definition and Examples

Mental verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering, understanding, thinking, or planning. In general, a mental verb refers to a cognitive state.

Mental Verb Examples

The mental verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

1. I know the answer.
2. She recognized me from across the room.
3. Do you believe everything people tell you?

States of Being Verbs – Definition and Examples.

They are also known as linking verbs: State of Being Verbs describe conditions or situations that exist. State of being verbs are inactive since no action is being performed. These verbs are usually complemented by adjectives.

States of Being Verb Examples.

The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

1. I am a student.
2. We are circus performers.
3. Please be quiet.
4. She is a doctor.

Types of Verbs

How many types of verbs are there? In addition to the main categories of physical verbs, mental verbs, and state of being verbs, there are several other types of verbs. In fact, there are more than ten different types of verbs that are grouped by function.

Action Verbs

Action verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone doing something. Example: dance, sleep etc.E.gI am dancing.

Transitive Verbs

These verbs always have direct objects.It means someone or something receives the action of the verb.

Examples:

• She gave me my book.
• Bolu killed a snake.

Intransitive Verbs

These are verbs that do not have direct object.

Examples:

• She slept soundly.
• Jesus wept.
• The baby cried.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs, and are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or to form a question or negative.

Examples:

• I will give you my note.
• I am going to the market.
• I shall see you tomorrow.

Stative Verbs

Stative verbs are verbs that cannot be used in the progressive continuous form.  They  can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action. They typically relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements. Examples: hear, smell, feel, understand, see etc.

Examples:  (i)    I am hearing you (wrong)

I can hear you (right)

(ii)    Are you understanding me? (wrong)

Do you understand me? (right)

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and obligations.Examples : would, need, ought, will, shall etc. I will visit you later

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are not single words; instead, they are combinations of verbs and prepositions and adverbs to take on a different meaning to that of the original verb. Examples: put off, sit up etc. You need to sit up academically.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are those that do not take on the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past participle verbs as they do not end in ‘ed’ in their past simple and past participle forms. Example: sleep, slept, slept. I slept soundly last night

READING ASSIGNMENT: Verbs

References: English Grammar

Student Companion

TOPIC: Composition – Descriptive Essay.

How to Write a Descriptive Essay

More than many other types of essays, descriptive essays strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this effect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observations and descriptions.

What do you want to describe?

As you get started on your descriptive essay, it's important for you to identify exactly what you want to describe. Often, a descriptive essay will focus on portraying one of the following:

1. a person
2. a place
3. a memory
4. an experience
5. an object

Ultimately, whatever you can perceive

My Favorite Horse Show

As the first rays of the sun peak over the horizon, penetrating the dark, soft light illuminates the mist rising up from the ground, forming an eerie, almost surreal landscape. The ground sparkles, wet with dew, and while walking from the truck to the barn, my riding boots soak it in. The crickets still chirp, only slower now. They know that daytime fast approaches. Sounds, the soft rustling of hooves, a snort, and from far down the aisle a sharp whinny that begs for breakfast, inform me that the crickets are not the only ones preparing for the day.

Sliding the barn doors open, I step into a warm, comforting environment. Musty straw mingles with the sharp aroma of pine shavings, complementing each other. A warm glow from sporadically placed incandescent lightbulbs richens the leather tack, all cleaned and hanging ready for the day's use. From it wafts the smell of a new pair of shoes. The fruity essence of "Show Sheen", applied after yesterday's baths, still lingers in the air. Even the harsh stinging scent of urine and manure is welcome at this early morning hour. Breaking open a bale of hay, I sense the sweetness of the dried timothy as it engulfs my olfactory system, making me wish my queasy stomach had not made me skip breakfast. I am nervous, as are many others. I know that the day ahead will bring excitement, dread, triumph, and defeat. The unpredictable nature of horse shows causes frenzied questions, like salmon spawning, to run constantly though my mind. Will the judge like my own particular style? What if the red flowers bordering the first jump spook my horse? What if a piece of paper on the ground blows into the ring? Will this horse show be a success? The outcome depends not just on me; but a...

EVALUATION: Study the descriptive essay  above and write your own.

TOPIC: SPEECH WORK

CONTENT: DIPHTHONGS

The word ‘diphthong’ is from a Greek word, which means double sound. Diphthongs are also vowels. The difference is that while a pure vowel contains only only one sound (monothong),  a diphthong contains two vowel sounds with a glide from first vowel to the next. Examples:

/ei/  as found in rain, cake, fake, pay, etc.

/ᶕu/  as found in spoke, go, home, etc.

/ai/ as found in fight, bite, cite, kite, etc.

/au/ as found in cow, house, plough, bound, etc.

/ᴐi/ as found in foil, joy, toy, boy, etc.

/iᶕ/ as found in hear, beer, here, etc.

/ea/ as found in spear, hair, care, swear

/uᶕ/ as found in tour, poor, sure, etc.

EVALUATION: In the words below, identify the diphthongs:

bay, ago, huge, bone, choice, coy, high.

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION

CONTENT: See Effective English, book 1. Unit 15.  Page 194-195

EVALUATION: Practice 2

TOPIC: LITERATURE

CONTENT: Use of the recommended prose text and poetry

EVALUATION: Study the recommended prose text and poetry

TOPIC: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

CONTENT: AIR TRANSPORT

1. Helicopters
2. Hot air balloons
3. Blimps
4. Gliders
5. Hang gliding
6. Parachuting
7. Airplanes
8. Jet
9. Domestic flights
10. Economy class
11. Cabins
12. International flights
13. Travellers
14. Boarder

EVALUATION: Use your dictionary to discover the meaning of the following

GENERAL EVALUATION:

1. Describe your favourite sport.

2. Write ten sentences identifying the verbs therein.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

• Verbs Exercise

Fill in the blanks with the past or past participle form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. The country is —————– by factions. (tear)
2. Once Sydney Smith was asked his name by a servant and found to his dismay that he had —————— his own name. (forget)
3. You couldn’t have —————- a better day for a drive. (choose)
4. The old beggar was —————— by a mad dog. (bite)
5. He —————– the book on the table. (lay)
6. Walking through the jungle he —————- on a snake. (tread)
7. He —————— a hasty retreat on the arrival of a policeman. (beat)
8. You must reap what you have —————– (sow)
9. His voice —————- as he spoke. (shake)
10. His path was not —————– with flowers but he persevered. (strew)
11. The explorers were ————— to death. (freeze)
12. His voice —————— to a whisper. (sink)

1. English Workbook Unit 3 No 5 page 8