FIRST TERM
SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE
CLASS: JSS1
REFERENCE
- Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 1
- NIGERIAN BASIC SCIENCE PROJECT BOOK ONE, Integrated Science made Easy By F.I Kehinde
WEEK TWO
TOPIC: LIVING THING AND NON LIVING THING (II)
CONTENT
- Characteristics of Living and Non-living things
- Characteristics of Plants and Animals
- Importance of plants and animals
Living thing is an organism that has life. That is, it possesses all the characteristics features that enables it to perform certain activities that non-living things cannot perform.
The characteristics of living things can be used to make differences between plants and animals.
EXAMPLES OF LIVING AND NON LIVING THINGS
Examples of living things
Some examples of living things include the following organisms: goat, sheep, bird, cow, toad, rat, rabbit, earthworm, tapeworm, housefly, maize plant, mango tree, orange tree, coconut tree, rhizopus, euglena, etc.
Examples of non living things
The following are examples of some non living things around us: stone, pen, book, table, chair, beg, pencil, shoe, water, cup, bucket, air, radio, hand-set, cleaner. Etc.
Characteristics of Living and Non-living things
- Living things can move, but non-living things cannot.
- Energy is required by living things, while non-livings do not require energy.
- Living things are capable of growth, reproduction and death.
- Non-living things are non-motile, but living things can move around.
- Living things respire; non-living things do not respire.
- Living things adapt to the surroundings and respond to stimulus.
EVALUATION
- State five characteristics of living and non living things.
- List four examples of living things.
Differences in Characteristics of Plants and Animals
| Characteristic | PLANTS | ANIMALS |
| MOVEMENT | Movement in plants is aided by external forces such as wind and current | Animals are active because the have organs for movement e.g leg, limbs, cilia, flagella |
| RESPIRATION | Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen
| Animal take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide |
| NUTRITION | Animals move from one place to another to obtain ready-made food. | Plants make their food by using simple inorganic substance and sun energy. |
| IRRITABILITY | Plants respond slowly to external changes | Animals respond quickly to external stimuli |
| GROWTH | Plants have unlimited growth | Animals have limited growth |
| EXCRETION | Plants produce very little waste. Products e.g. gum, latex | Animals produce a lot of waste products, because they are active. e.g. urine, faeces |
| REPRODUCTION | Plants reproduce to give new individual which are much more resembling each other. E.g. mango and orange fruits | Animals reproduce to give young one. Some animals give birth to young one alive, e.g. man, goat, cow, monkey |
EVALUATION
- Give four differences between plants and animals
- State five examples of animals that can give birth to young one alive
IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS
Plants are useful to human beings in the following ways:
- They help in the beautification of man’s environment
- They are sources of food for human
- They provide fresh air to human beings by taking dangerous carbon
- Oxide away from the air and releasing oxygen into air
- They provide human beings with industrial raw materials e.g. plants for building
- They provide fire wood for human beings to cook at home
- They provide human beings with roughages to run their bowels
- They return water back into the air to reduce the temperature to a bearable level for the comfort of human beings
- They provide cloud formation by returning water into the atmosphere
- They help to reduce soil erosion by holding the soil particles together.
USES OF ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS
Animals are useful to human beings in the following ways:
- Some animals serves as source of protein to human beings when they are consumed
- Products of some animals are useful for human beings as food or medicine e.g. honey produced by bees
- Products of some animals are raw materials to some manufacturing industries e.g. skin, milk, horn, etc.
- Some animals e.g. horses and camels are used farm works
- Some animals e.g. horses and donkeys serve as a means of transportation to human beings
- Some animals serves as source of revenue to human beings e.g. hen etc.
- Some animals e.g. dogs, provides security to human beings
- Some animals e.g. dogs are used for hunting by farmers
- Some animals are trained to entertain human beings
EVALUATION
- State five uses of animals to human beings
- State five uses of plants
READING ASSIGNMENT
NIGERIA BASIC SCIENCE PROJECT PAGE 77-83, Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 1 PAGE 109-112
GENERAL EVALUATION
- Give four differences between plants and animals
- State five examples of animals that can give birth to young one alive
- State two differences between plants and animals
- State five uses of animals to human beings
- State five uses of plants
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
- -----------------is the site for photosynthesis in plants[a] cell wall [b] nucleus [c] chloroplast [d] ribosome
- -------------- is an act of changing position of parts or the whole of an organism [a]Excretion [b] Irritability [c] movement [d] reproduction
- The organ that assist mammal to move is [a] leg [b] muscle [c] hand [d] bone
- --------------- is the act of getting rid of waste product out of the body of living thing [a] respiration [b] irritability [c] excretion [d] reproduction
- Ability of plants to respond to stimuli is very slow because [a] they are too large [b] they have leaves [c] they do not have organs for movement [d] they have very thick bark.
THEORY
- State eight differences between plants and animals.
- Mention two examples of animals that can
- a) give birth to young one alive.
- b) lay eggs before hatch them to produce young one.
